System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(System.Linq.Expressions.Expression, System.Reflection.MethodInfo, System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable)

public static Expression GetSkipCall(this Expression expression, int? skip)
        {
            if (skip == null) return expression;

            return Expression.Call
            (
                expression.Type.IsIQueryable() ? typeof(Queryable) : typeof(Enumerable),
                "Skip",
                new[] { expression.GetUnderlyingElementType() },
                expression,
                Expression.Constant(skip.Value)
            );
        }

static Expression Create(Expression[] args, Expression[] contextArgs)
        {
            var inputExpression = args.FirstOrDefault() as ConstantExpression;
            string queryString = inputExpression?.Value as string;

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(queryString))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("$body query cannot be empty");
            }

            // Validate input string as JsonPath
            if (!JsonPathValidator.IsSupportedJsonPath(queryString, out string errorDetails))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    string.Format(
                        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                        "Error in $body query. {0}",
                        errorDetails));
            }

            return Expression.Call(typeof(BodyQuery).GetMethod("Runtime", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static), args.Union(contextArgs));
        }

public override System.Linq.Expressions.Expression GenerateLinqExpression(IASTContext context)
        {          
            if (Function.IsQueryMethod)
            {
                var genArg = Instance.NetType.GetGenericArguments();
                var method = Function.Method.MakeGenericMethod(genArg[0]);
                if (Parameters.Length > 0)
                {

                    var lambdaExp = Parameters[0].GenerateLinqExpression(new QueryASTContext
                    {
                        ModelType = genArg[0],
                        Parameter = _parameter
                    });
                    var lambda = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Lambda(method.GetParameters()[1].ParameterType, lambdaExp, _parameter);

                    return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(Function.Method.DeclaringType, Function.Method.Name, new Type[] { genArg[0] },
                            new System.Linq.Expressions.Expression[]
                            {
                                Instance?.GenerateLinqExpression(context),
                                lambda
                            });
                }
                else
                {
                    return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(Function.Method.DeclaringType, Function.Method.Name, new Type[] { genArg[0] },
                                new System.Linq.Expressions.Expression[]
                                {
                                Instance?.GenerateLinqExpression(context)
                                });
                }
            }
            else
            {
                System.Linq.Expressions.Expression[] argsExp = new System.Linq.Expressions.Expression[Parameters.Length];
                for (int i = 0; i < Parameters.Length; i++)
                {
                    argsExp[i] = Parameters[i].GenerateLinqExpression(context);
                }

                System.Linq.Expressions.Expression instanceExp = Function.Target != null ?
                    System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Constant(Function.Target)
                   : Instance?.GenerateLinqExpression(context);

                var callExp = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(instanceExp, Function.Method);
                return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Invoke(callExp, argsExp);
            }
           
        }

protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
        {
            var parameterExpression = node.GetParameterExpression();
            if (parameterExpression != null)
                InfoDictionary.Add(parameterExpression, TypeMappings);

            var listOfArgumentsForNewMethod = node.Arguments.Aggregate(new List<Expression>(), (lst, next) =>
            {
                var mappedNext = this.Visit(next);
                TypeMappings.AddTypeMapping(ConfigurationProvider, next.Type, mappedNext.Type);

                lst.Add(mappedNext);
                return lst;
            });//Arguments could be expressions or other objects. e.g. s => s.UserId  or a string "ZZZ".  For extention methods node.Arguments[0] is usually the helper object itself

            //type args are the generic type args e.g. T1 and T2 MethodName<T1, T2>(method arguments);
            var typeArgsForNewMethod = node.Method.IsGenericMethod
                ? node.Method.GetGenericArguments().Select(type => this.TypeMappings.ReplaceType(type)).ToList()//not converting the type it is not in the typeMappings dictionary
                : null;

            ConvertTypesIfNecessary(node.Method.GetParameters(), listOfArgumentsForNewMethod, node.Method);

            return node.Method.IsStatic
                    ? GetStaticExpression()
                    : GetInstanceExpression(this.Visit(node.Object));

            MethodCallExpression GetInstanceExpression(Expression instance)
                => node.Method.IsGenericMethod
                    ? Expression.Call(instance, node.Method.Name, typeArgsForNewMethod.ToArray(), listOfArgumentsForNewMethod.ToArray())
                    : Expression.Call(instance, node.Method, listOfArgumentsForNewMethod.ToArray());

            MethodCallExpression GetStaticExpression()
                => node.Method.IsGenericMethod
                    ? Expression.Call(node.Method.DeclaringType, node.Method.Name, typeArgsForNewMethod.ToArray(), listOfArgumentsForNewMethod.ToArray())
                    : Expression.Call(node.Method, listOfArgumentsForNewMethod.ToArray());
        }

public static IQueryable<T> Include<T>(this IQueryable<T> source, IncludeExpressionInfo info)
        {
            _ = info ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(info));

            var queryExpr = Expression.Call(
                typeof(EnreplacedyFrameworkQueryableExtensions),
                "Include",
                new Type[] {
                    info.EnreplacedyType,
                    info.PropertyType
                },
                source.Expression,
                info.LambdaExpression
                );

            return source.Provider.CreateQuery<T>(queryExpr);
        }

[CanBeNull]
        public static Action<T, object> GetValueSetter<T>(this PropertyInfo propertyInfo) where T : clreplaced
        {
            return StrongTypedCache<T>.PropertyValueSetters.GetOrAdd(propertyInfo, prop =>
            {
                if (!prop.CanWrite)
                    return null;

                var instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "i");
                var argument = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "a");
                var setterCall = Expression.Call(instance, prop.GetSetMethod(), Expression.Convert(argument, prop.PropertyType));
                return (Action<T, object>)Expression.Lambda(setterCall, instance, argument).Compile();
            });
        }

private dyn_serialize makeSerialize()
    {
      var _walkArrayWrite = typeof(TypeDescriptor).GetMethod("walkArrayWrite", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static);

      var pSchema   = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TypeSchema));
      var pWriter   = Expression.Parameter(typeof(SlimWriter));
      var pTReg     = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TypeRegistry));
      var pRefs     = Expression.Parameter(typeof(RefPool));
      var pInstance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
      var pStreamingContext = Expression.Parameter(typeof(StreamingContext));

      var expressions = new List<Expression>();

      var instance = Expression.Variable(Type, "instance");

      expressions.Add( Expression.replacedign(instance, Expression.Convert(pInstance, Type)));


      if (IsPrimitive)
      {
        expressions.Add(  Expression.Call(pWriter,
                                Format.GetWriteMethodForType(Type),
                                instance) );
      }
      else if (IsArray)
      {
          var elmType = Type.GetElementType();

          if (Format.IsTypeSupported(elmType))//array element type
          {  //spool whole array into writer using primitive types

            var pElement = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
            expressions.Add( Expression.Call(_walkArrayWrite,
                                              instance,
                                              Expression.Lambda(Expression.Call(pWriter,
                                                                              Format.GetWriteMethodForType(elmType),
                                                                              Expression.Convert(pElement, elmType)), pElement)
                                            )
              );
          }
          else
          {  //spool whole array using TypeSchema because objects may change type
            var pElement = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));

            if (!elmType.IsValueType)//reference type
              expressions.Add( Expression.Call(_walkArrayWrite,
                                              instance,
                                              Expression.Lambda(Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                                                typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("writeRefMetaHandle"),
                                                                pWriter,
                                                                pTReg,
                                                                pRefs,
                                                                Expression.Convert( pElement, typeof(object) ),
                                                                pStreamingContext),
                                                                pElement)
                                            )
                            );
            else
              expressions.Add( Expression.Call(_walkArrayWrite,
                                              instance,
                                              Expression.Lambda(Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                                                typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("Serialize"),
                                                                pWriter,
                                                                pTReg,
                                                                pRefs,
                                                                pElement,
                                                                pStreamingContext,
                                                                Expression.Constant(elmType)//valueType
                                                                ), pElement)
                                      )
              );
          }
      }
      else
      {
        foreach(var field in Fields)
        {
          Expression expr = null;
          Type t = field.FieldType;

          if (Format.IsTypeSupported(t))
          {
            expr = Expression.Call(pWriter,
                                    Format.GetWriteMethodForType(t),
                                    Expression.Field(instance, field));
          }
          else
          if (t.IsEnum)
          {
            expr = Expression.Call(pWriter,
                                    Format.GetWriteMethodForType(typeof(int)),
                                    Expression.Convert(Expression.Field(instance, field), typeof(int)));

          }
          else // complex type ->  struct or reference
          {
            if (!t.IsValueType)//reference type -> write metahandle
            {
              expr = Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                        typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("writeRefMetaHandle"),
                                        pWriter,
                                        pTReg,
                                        pRefs,
                                        Expression.Convert( Expression.Field(instance, field), typeof(object) ),
                                        pStreamingContext);
            }
            else
            expr = Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                    typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("Serialize"),
                                    pWriter,
                                    pTReg,
                                    pRefs,
                                    Expression.Convert( Expression.Field(instance, field), typeof(object) ),
                                    pStreamingContext,
                                    Expression.Constant(field.FieldType));//valueType

          }

          expressions.Add(expr);
        }//foreach
        }

      var body = Expression.Block(new ParameterExpression[]{instance}, expressions);

      return Expression.Lambda<dyn_serialize>(body, pSchema, pWriter, pTReg, pRefs, pInstance, pStreamingContext).Compile();
    }

private DynamicMetaObject BuildCallMethodWithResult(string methodName, DynamicMetaObjectBinder binder, Expression[] args, DynamicMetaObject fallbackResult, Fallback fallbackInvoke)
        {
            //
            // Build a new expression like:
            // {
            //   object result;
            //   TryGetMember(payload, out result) ? fallbackInvoke(result) : fallbackResult
            // }
            //
            ParameterExpression result = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), null);

            IList<Expression> callArgs = new List<Expression>();
            callArgs.Add(Expression.Convert(Expression, typeof(T)));
            callArgs.Add(Constant(binder));
            callArgs.AddRange(args);
            callArgs.Add(result);

            DynamicMetaObject resultMetaObject = new DynamicMetaObject(result, BindingRestrictions.Empty);

            // Need to add a conversion if calling TryConvert
            if (binder.ReturnType != typeof(object))
            {
                UnaryExpression convert = Expression.Convert(resultMetaObject.Expression, binder.ReturnType);
                // will always be a cast or unbox

                resultMetaObject = new DynamicMetaObject(convert, resultMetaObject.Restrictions);
            }

            if (fallbackInvoke != null)
            {
                resultMetaObject = fallbackInvoke(resultMetaObject);
            }

            DynamicMetaObject callDynamic = new DynamicMetaObject(
                Expression.Block(
                    new[] { result },
                    Expression.Condition(
                        Expression.Call(
                            Expression.Constant(_proxy),
                            typeof(DynamicProxy<T>).GetMethod(methodName),
                            callArgs
                            ),
                        resultMetaObject.Expression,
                        fallbackResult.Expression,
                        binder.ReturnType
                        )
                    ),
                GetRestrictions().Merge(resultMetaObject.Restrictions).Merge(fallbackResult.Restrictions)
                );

            return callDynamic;
        }

public static Action<object, object[]> CreateStandInCaller(MethodInfo method)
        {
            var parameters = method.GetParameters();
            var argInstance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "instance");
            var argInstanceConverted = Expression.Convert(
                argInstance,
                parameters[0].ParameterType);
            var args = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object[]), "args");

            // Unpack parameters
            var exArgs = new List<Expression>
            {
                argInstanceConverted
            };
            for (var i = 1; i < method.GetParameters().Length; ++i)
            {
                var param = method.GetParameters()[i];
                var arrayElement = Expression.ArrayIndex(
                    args,
                    Expression.Constant(i - 1));
                var arrayElementConverted =
                    Expression.Convert(arrayElement, param.ParameterType);
                exArgs.Add(arrayElementConverted);
            }

            // Standins are always static with the first argument being the instance.
            var exCall = Expression.Call(null, method, exArgs);

            var lambda =
                Expression.Lambda<Action<object, object[]>>(exCall, argInstance, args);
            return lambda.Compile();
        }

private DynamicMetaObject CallMethodReturnLast(string methodName, DynamicMetaObjectBinder binder, Expression[] args, Fallback fallback)
        {
            //
            // First, call fallback to do default binding
            // This produces either an error or a call to a .NET member
            //
            DynamicMetaObject fallbackResult = fallback(null);

            //
            // Build a new expression like:
            // {
            //   object result;
            //   TrySetMember(payload, result = value) ? result : fallbackResult
            // }
            //
            ParameterExpression result = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), null);

            IList<Expression> callArgs = new List<Expression>();
            callArgs.Add(Expression.Convert(Expression, typeof(T)));
            callArgs.Add(Constant(binder));
            callArgs.AddRange(args);
            callArgs[args.Length + 1] = Expression.replacedign(result, callArgs[args.Length + 1]);

            DynamicMetaObject callDynamic = new DynamicMetaObject(
                Expression.Block(
                    new[] { result },
                    Expression.Condition(
                        Expression.Call(
                            Expression.Constant(_proxy),
                            typeof(DynamicProxy<T>).GetMethod(methodName),
                            callArgs
                            ),
                        result,
                        fallbackResult.Expression,
                        typeof(object)
                        )
                    ),
                GetRestrictions().Merge(fallbackResult.Restrictions)
                );

            //
            // Now, call fallback again using our new MO as the error
            // When we do this, one of two things can happen:
            //   1. Binding will succeed, and it will ignore our call to
            //      the dynamic method, OR
            //   2. Binding will fail, and it will use the MO we created
            //      above.
            //
            return _dontFallbackFirst ? callDynamic : fallback(callDynamic);
        }

public virtual Expression ConvertBinaryNode(Expression left, Expression right, Enreplacedy typeHolder)
        {
            if (BinaryNodeConverter is not null)
                return BinaryNodeConverter(left, right, typeHolder);
            
            (left, right) = EqualizeTypesIfAble(left, right);
            return typeHolder switch
            {
                Sumf => Expression.Add(left, right),
                Minusf => Expression.Subtract(left, right),
                Mulf => Expression.Multiply(left, right),
                Divf => Expression.Divide(ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(left), ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(right)),
                Powf when 
                    ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(left) is var newLeft 
                    && ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(right) is var newRight
                    => Expression.Call(GetDef("Pow", 2, newLeft.Type), newLeft, newRight),
                Logf when
                    ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(left) is var newLeft
                    && ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(right) is var newRight
                    => Expression.Call(GetDef("Log", 2, newRight.Type), newLeft, newRight),

                Andf => Expression.And(left, right),
                Orf => Expression.Or(left, right),
                Xorf => Expression.ExclusiveOr(left, right),
                Impliesf => Expression.Or(Expression.Not(left), right),

                Lessf => Expression.LessThan(left, right),
                LessOrEqualf => Expression.LessThanOrEqual(left, right),
                Greaterf => Expression.GreaterThan(left, right),
                GreaterOrEqualf => Expression.GreaterThanOrEqual(left, right),
                Equalsf => Expression.Equal(left, right),
                
                Providedf => HandleProvidedf(left, right),

                _ => throw new AngouriBugException("A binary node seems to be not added")
            };

public static IQueryable<T> Search<T>(this IQueryable<T> source, IEnumerable<(Expression<Func<T, string>> selector, string searchTerm)> criterias)
        {
            Expression? expr = null;
            var parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "x");

            foreach (var criteria in criterias)
            {
                if (criteria.selector == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(criteria.searchTerm))
                    continue;

                var functions = Expression.Property(null, typeof(EF).GetProperty(nameof(EF.Functions)));
                var like = typeof(DbFunctionsExtensions).GetMethod(nameof(DbFunctionsExtensions.Like), new Type[] { functions.Type, typeof(string), typeof(string) });

                var propertySelector = ParameterReplacerVisitor.Replace(criteria.selector, criteria.selector.Parameters[0], parameter);

                var likeExpression = Expression.Call(
                                        null,
                                        like,
                                        functions,
                                        (propertySelector as LambdaExpression)?.Body,
                                        Expression.Constant(criteria.searchTerm));

                expr = expr == null ? (Expression)likeExpression : Expression.OrElse(expr, likeExpression);
            }

            return expr == null
                ? source
                : source.Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(expr, parameter));
        }

static void LoadCustomPortMethods()
		{
			BindingFlags bindingFlags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance;

			foreach (var type in AppDomain.CurrentDomain.GetAllTypes())
			{
				if (type.IsAbstract || type.ContainsGenericParameters)
					continue ;
				if (!(type.IsSubclreplacedOf(typeof(BaseNode))))
					continue ;

				var methods = type.GetMethods(bindingFlags);

				foreach (var method in methods)
				{
					var portInputAttr = method.GetCustomAttribute< CustomPortInputAttribute >();
					var portOutputAttr = method.GetCustomAttribute< CustomPortOutputAttribute >();

					if (portInputAttr == null && portOutputAttr == null)
						continue ;
					
					var p = method.GetParameters();
					bool nodePortSignature = false;

					// Check if the function can take a NodePort in optional param
					if (p.Length == 2 && p[1].ParameterType == typeof(NodePort))
						nodePortSignature = true;

					CustomPortIODelegate deleg;
#if ENABLE_IL2CPP
					// IL2CPP doesn't support expression builders
					if (nodePortSignature)
					{
						deleg = new CustomPortIODelegate((node, edges, port) => {
							Debug.Log(port);
							method.Invoke(node, new object[]{ edges, port});
						});
					}
					else
					{
						deleg = new CustomPortIODelegate((node, edges, port) => {
							method.Invoke(node, new object[]{ edges });
						});
					}
#else
					var p1 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(BaseNode), "node");
					var p2 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(List< SerializableEdge >), "edges");
					var p3 = Expression.Parameter(typeof(NodePort), "port");

					MethodCallExpression ex;
					if (nodePortSignature)
						ex = Expression.Call(Expression.Convert(p1, type), method, p2, p3);
					else
						ex = Expression.Call(Expression.Convert(p1, type), method, p2);

					deleg = Expression.Lambda< CustomPortIODelegate >(ex, p1, p2, p3).Compile();
#endif

					if (deleg == null)
					{
						Debug.LogWarning("Can't use custom IO port function " + method + ": The method have to respect this format: " + typeof(CustomPortIODelegate));
						continue ;
					}

					string fieldName = (portInputAttr == null) ? portOutputAttr.fieldName : portInputAttr.fieldName;
					Type customType = (portInputAttr == null) ? portOutputAttr.outputType : portInputAttr.inputType;
					Type fieldType = type.GetField(fieldName, bindingFlags).FieldType;

					AddCustomIOMethod(type, fieldName, deleg);

					AddreplacedignableTypes(customType, fieldType);
					AddreplacedignableTypes(fieldType, customType);
				}
			}
		}

protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
        {
            Type elementType = expansion.MemberType.GetUnderlyingElementType();
            if (node.Method.Name == "Select"
                && elementType == node.Type.GetUnderlyingElementType()
                && this.expression.ToString().StartsWith(node.ToString()))//makes sure we're not updating some nested "Select"
            {
                return Expression.Call
                (
                    node.Method.DeclaringType,
                    "Where",
                    new Type[] { node.GetUnderlyingElementType() },
                    node,
                    expansion.FilterOptions.FilterClause.GetFilterExpression(elementType)
                );
            }

            return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
        }

public override Expression Reduce()
		{
			var end_finally = Label("end_finally");

			return Block (
				new [] { Variable },
                replacedign(Variable, Disposable),
                TryFinally(
					Body,
                    Block(
                        Condition(
                            NotEqual(Variable, Constant(null)),
                            Block(
								Call(Convert(Variable, typeof(IDisposable)), Reflection.IDisposable_Dispose),
                                Goto(end_finally)
                            ),
                            Goto(end_finally)
                        ),
                        Label(end_finally)
                    )
                )
            );
		}

public static Expression GetOrderByCountCall(this Expression expression, string memberFullName, string methodName, string selectorParameterName = "a")
        {
            Type sourceType = expression.GetUnderlyingElementType();
            ParameterExpression param = Expression.Parameter(sourceType, selectorParameterName);
            Expression countSelector = param.MakeSelector(memberFullName).GetCountCall();
            return Expression.Call
            (
                expression.Type.IsIQueryable() ? typeof(Queryable) : typeof(Enumerable),
                methodName,
                new Type[] { sourceType, countSelector.Type },
                expression,
                param.MakeLambdaExpression
                (
                    countSelector
                )
            );
        }

public static Action<T, object> GetValueSetter<T>([NotNull] this PropertyInfo @this) where T : clreplaced
        {
            return StrongTypedDictionary<T>.PropertyValueSetters.GetOrAdd(@this, prop =>
            {
                if (!prop.CanWrite)
                    return null;

                var instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "i");
                var argument = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "a");
                var setterCall = Expression.Call(instance, prop.GetSetMethod(), Expression.Convert(argument, prop.PropertyType));
                return (Action<T, object>)Expression.Lambda(setterCall, instance, argument).Compile();
            });
        }

public static Expression FoldMethodCall(MethodCallExpression inputExpression)
        {
            Expression obj = ConstantFolding.Fold(inputExpression.Object);
            ReadOnlyCollection<Expression> args = ConstantFolding.FoldExpressionList(inputExpression.Arguments);
            Expression resultExpression;
            if (obj != inputExpression.Object || args != inputExpression.Arguments)
            {
                resultExpression = Expression.Call(obj, inputExpression.Method, args);
            }
            else
            {
                resultExpression = inputExpression;
            }

            if (!IsConstant(obj))
            {
                return resultExpression;
            }

            foreach (Expression arg in args)
            {
                if (!IsConstant(arg))
                {
                    return resultExpression;
                }
            }

            // skip simplifying .Take(Constant)
            if (inputExpression.Method.IsStatic &&
                inputExpression.Method.DeclaringType.IsreplacedignableFrom(typeof(Queryable)) &&
                inputExpression.Method.Name.Equals("Take"))
            {
                return resultExpression;
            }

            resultExpression = ExpressionSimplifier.EvaluateToExpression(resultExpression);
            return resultExpression;
        }

internal void ExecCommand() {
			if (isExecCommanding) return;
			if (_actions.Any() == false) return;
			isExecCommanding = true;

			ExecCommandInfo oldinfo = null;
			var states = new List<object>();

			Func<string, int> dbContextBetch = methodName => {
				if (_dicExecCommandDbContextBetch.TryGetValue(oldinfo.stateType, out var trydic) == false)
					trydic = new Dictionary<string, Func<object, object[], int>>();
				if (trydic.TryGetValue(methodName, out var tryfunc) == false) {
					var arrType = oldinfo.stateType.MakeArrayType();
					var dbsetType = oldinfo.dbSet.GetType().BaseType;
					var dbsetTypeMethod = dbsetType.GetMethod(methodName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new[] { arrType }, null);

					var returnTarget = Expression.Label(typeof(int));
					var parm1DbSet = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
					var parm2Vals = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object[]));
					var var1Vals = Expression.Variable(arrType);
					tryfunc = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, object[], int>>(Expression.Block(
						new[] { var1Vals },
						Expression.replacedign(var1Vals, Expression.Convert(global::FreeSql.Internal.Utils.GetDataReaderValueBlockExpression(arrType, parm2Vals), arrType)),
						Expression.Return(returnTarget, Expression.Call(Expression.Convert(parm1DbSet, dbsetType), dbsetTypeMethod, var1Vals)),
						Expression.Label(returnTarget, Expression.Default(typeof(int)))
					), new[] { parm1DbSet, parm2Vals }).Compile();
					trydic.Add(methodName, tryfunc);
				}
				return tryfunc(oldinfo.dbSet, states.ToArray());
			};
			Action funcDelete = () => {
				_affrows += dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchRemove");
				states.Clear();
			};
			Action funcInsert = () => {
				_affrows += dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchAdd");
				states.Clear();
			};
			Action<bool> funcUpdate = isLiveUpdate => {
				var affrows = 0;
				if (isLiveUpdate) affrows = dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchUpdateNow");
				else affrows = dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchUpdate");
				if (affrows == -999) { //最后一个元素已被删除
					states.RemoveAt(states.Count - 1);
					return;
				}
				if (affrows == -998 || affrows == -997) { //没有执行更新
					var laststate = states[states.Count - 1];
					states.Clear();
					if (affrows == -997) states.Add(laststate); //保留最后一个
				}
				if (affrows > 0) {
					_affrows += affrows;
					var islastNotUpdated = states.Count != affrows;
					var laststate = states[states.Count - 1];
					states.Clear();
					if (islastNotUpdated) states.Add(laststate); //保留最后一个
				}
			};

			while (_actions.Any() || states.Any()) {
				var info = _actions.Any() ? _actions.Dequeue() : null;
				if (oldinfo == null) oldinfo = info;
				var isLiveUpdate = false;

				if (_actions.Any() == false && states.Any() ||
					info != null && oldinfo.actionType != info.actionType ||
					info != null && oldinfo.stateType != info.stateType) {

					if (info != null && oldinfo.actionType == info.actionType && oldinfo.stateType == info.stateType) {
						//最后一个，合起来发送
						states.Add(info.state);
						info = null;
					}

					switch (oldinfo.actionType) {
						case ExecCommandInfoType.Insert:
							funcInsert();
							break;
						case ExecCommandInfoType.Delete:
							funcDelete();
							break;
					}
					isLiveUpdate = true;
				}

				if (isLiveUpdate || oldinfo.actionType == ExecCommandInfoType.Update) {
					if (states.Any())
						funcUpdate(isLiveUpdate);
				}

				if (info != null) {
					states.Add(info.state);
					oldinfo = info;
				}
			}
			isExecCommanding = false;
		}

private static IQueryable<T> ApplyOrderInternal<T>(IQueryable<T> query, string oDataOrderByString, int maximumNumberOfOrdering)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(oDataOrderByString))
            {
                return query;
            }

            bool firstOrdering = true;
            foreach (var (propertyName, order) in GetOrderEntries(oDataOrderByString, maximumNumberOfOrdering))
            {
                query = ApplyOrdering(query, propertyName, order, firstOrdering);
                firstOrdering = false;
            }

            //TODO: Look into the necessity (or lack thereof) of filtering out multiple orderBy on the same property.
            return query;

            static IEnumerable<(string propertyPath, SortOrder order)> GetOrderEntries(string orderByString, int maxOrders)
            {
                return orderByString
                    .Split(',', count: maxOrders, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries | StringSplitOptions.TrimEntries)
                    .Select(orderStr =>
                    {
                        var divider = orderStr.IndexOf(' ');
                        if (divider < 0) return (propertyPath: orderStr, order: SortOrder.Asc);
                        else return (
                            propertyPath: orderStr[0..divider],
                            order: Enum.Parse<SortOrder>(orderStr[divider..].Trim(), ignoreCase: true)
                        );
                    });
            }

            static IQueryable<T> ApplyOrdering(IQueryable<T> query, string propertyPath, SortOrder order, bool firstOrdering)
            {
                var param = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "p");
                var member = (MemberExpression)propertyPath.Split('/').Aggregate((Expression)param, Expression.Property); //Expression.Property(param, propertyPath);
                var exp = Expression.Lambda(member, param);
                string methodName = order switch
                {
                    SortOrder.Asc => firstOrdering ? "OrderBy" : "ThenBy",
                    SortOrder.Desc => firstOrdering ? "OrderByDescending" : "ThenByDescending"
                };
                Type[] types = new Type[] { query.ElementType, exp.Body.Type };
                var orderByExpression = Expression.Call(typeof(Queryable), methodName, types, query.Expression, exp);
                return query.Provider.CreateQuery<T>(orderByExpression);
            }

public static void ThrowsWhenNull(Expression<Action> expression, params bool[] paramsNull)
        {
            // Original: https://www.thomaslevesque.com/2014/11/02/easy-unit-testing-of-null-argument-validation/

            MemberInfo callMethod;
            ParameterInfo[] callParams;
            IReadOnlyCollection<Expression> callArgs;
            Expression? callObj = null;

            switch (expression.Body.NodeType)
            {
                case ExpressionType.Call:
                    callMethod = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Method;
                    callParams = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Method.GetParameters();
                    callArgs = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Arguments;
                    callObj = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Object;
                    break;
                case ExpressionType.New:
                    callMethod = ((NewExpression)expression.Body).Constructor;
                    callParams = ((NewExpression)expression.Body).Constructor.GetParameters();
                    callArgs = ((NewExpression)expression.Body).Arguments;
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentException("Expression body is not a method or constructor call", nameof(expression));
            }

            for (int i = 0; i < paramsNull.Length && i < callArgs.Count; i++)
            {
                if (!paramsNull[i])
                    continue;

                var args = callArgs.ToArray();
                args[i] = Expression.Constant(null, callParams[i].ParameterType);
                Expression? callExpr = null;
                switch (expression.Body.NodeType)
                {
                    case ExpressionType.Call:
                        callExpr = Expression.Call(callObj, callMethod as MethodInfo, args);
                        break;
                    case ExpressionType.New:
                        callExpr = Expression.New(callMethod as ConstructorInfo, args);
                        break;
                }
                var action = Expression.Lambda<Action>(callExpr).Compile();
                replacedert.Throws<ArgumentNullException>(callParams[i].Name, action);
            }
        }

public static Task ThrowsWhenNullAsync(Expression<Func<Task>> expression, params bool[] paramsNull)
        {
            // Original: https://www.thomaslevesque.com/2014/11/02/easy-unit-testing-of-null-argument-validation/

            MemberInfo callMethod;
            ParameterInfo[] callParams;
            IReadOnlyCollection<Expression> callArgs;
            Expression? callObj = null;

            switch (expression.Body.NodeType)
            {
                case ExpressionType.Call:
                    callMethod = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Method;
                    callParams = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Method.GetParameters();
                    callArgs = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Arguments;
                    callObj = ((MethodCallExpression)expression.Body).Object;
                    break;
                case ExpressionType.New:
                    callMethod = ((NewExpression)expression.Body).Constructor;
                    callParams = ((NewExpression)expression.Body).Constructor.GetParameters();
                    callArgs = ((NewExpression)expression.Body).Arguments;
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new ArgumentException("Expression body is not a method or constructor call", nameof(expression));
            }

            var tasks = new List<Task>();
            for (int i = 0; i < paramsNull.Length && i < callArgs.Count; i++)
            {
                if (!paramsNull[i])
                    continue;

                var args = callArgs.ToArray();
                args[i] = Expression.Constant(null, callParams[i].ParameterType);
                Expression? callExpr = null;
                switch (expression.Body.NodeType)
                {
                    case ExpressionType.Call:
                        callExpr = Expression.Call(callObj, callMethod as MethodInfo, args);
                        break;
                    case ExpressionType.New:
                        callExpr = Expression.New(callMethod as ConstructorInfo, args);
                        break;
                }
                var action = Expression.Lambda<Func<Task>>(callExpr).Compile();
                tasks.Add(replacedert.ThrowsAsync<ArgumentNullException>(callParams[i].Name, action));
            }
            return Task.WhenAll(tasks);
        }

async public static Task<bool> Use(HttpContext context, IFreeSql fsql, string requestPathBase, Dictionary<string, Type> dicEnreplacedyTypes) {
			HttpRequest req = context.Request;
			HttpResponse res = context.Response;

			var remUrl = req.Path.ToString().Substring(requestPathBase.Length).Trim(' ', '/').Split('/');
			var enreplacedyName = remUrl.FirstOrDefault();

			if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(enreplacedyName)) {

				if (dicEnreplacedyTypes.TryGetValue(enreplacedyName, out var enreplacedyType) == false) throw new Exception($"UseFreeAdminLtePreview 错误，找不到实体类型：{enreplacedyName}");

				var tb = fsql.CodeFirst.GetTableByEnreplacedy(enreplacedyType);
				if (tb == null) throw new Exception($"UseFreeAdminLtePreview 错误，实体类型无法映射：{enreplacedyType.FullName}");

				var tpl = _tpl.Value;

				switch (remUrl.ElementAtOrDefault(1)?.ToLower()) {
					case null:
						//首页
						if (true) {
							MakeTemplateFile($"{enreplacedyName}-list.html", Views.List);

							//ManyToOne/OneToOne
							var getlistFilter = new List<(TableRef, string, string, Dictionary<string, object>, List<Dictionary<string, object>>)>();
							foreach (var prop in tb.Properties) {
								if (tb.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(prop.Key)) continue;
								var tbref = tb.GetTableRef(prop.Key, false);
								if (tbref == null) continue;
								switch (tbref.RefType) {
									case TableRefType.OneToMany: continue;
									case TableRefType.ManyToOne:
										getlistFilter.Add(await Utils.GetTableRefData(fsql, tbref));
										continue;
									case TableRefType.OneToOne:
										continue;
									case TableRefType.ManyToMany:
										getlistFilter.Add(await Utils.GetTableRefData(fsql, tbref));
										continue;
								}
							}

							int.TryParse(req.Query["page"].FirstOrDefault(), out var getpage);
							int.TryParse(req.Query["limit"].FirstOrDefault(), out var getlimit);
							if (getpage <= 0) getpage = 1;
							if (getlimit <= 0) getlimit = 20;

							var getselect = fsql.Select<object>().AsType(enreplacedyType);
							foreach (var getlistF in getlistFilter) {
								var qv = req.Query[getlistF.Item3].ToArray();
								if (qv.Any()) {
									switch (getlistF.Item1.RefType) {
										case TableRefType.OneToMany: continue;
										case TableRefType.ManyToOne:
											getselect.Where(Utils.GetObjectWhereExpressionContains(tb, enreplacedyType, getlistF.Item1.Columns[0].CsName, qv));
											continue;
										case TableRefType.OneToOne:
											continue;
										case TableRefType.ManyToMany:
											if (true) {
												var midType = getlistF.Item1.RefMiddleEnreplacedyType;
												var midTb = fsql.CodeFirst.GetTableByEnreplacedy(midType);
												var midISelect = typeof(ISelect<>).MakeGenericType(midType);

												var funcType = typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(typeof(object), typeof(bool));
												var expParam = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "a");
												var midParam = Expression.Parameter(midType, "mdtp");

												var anyMethod = midISelect.GetMethod("Any");
												var selectExp = qv.Select(c => Expression.Convert(Expression.Constant(FreeSql.Internal.Utils.GetDataReaderValue(getlistF.Item1.MiddleColumns[1].CsType, c)), getlistF.Item1.MiddleColumns[1].CsType)).ToArray();
												var expLambad = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, bool>>(
													Expression.Call(
														Expression.Call(
															Expression.Call(
																Expression.Constant(fsql),
																typeof(IFreeSql).GetMethod("Select", new Type[0]).MakeGenericMethod(midType)
															),
															midISelect.GetMethod("Where", new[] { typeof(Expression<>).MakeGenericType(typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(midType, typeof(bool))) }),
															Expression.Lambda(
																typeof(Func<,>).MakeGenericType(midType, typeof(bool)),
																Expression.AndAlso(
																	Expression.Equal(
																		Expression.MakeMemberAccess(Expression.TypeAs(expParam, enreplacedyType), tb.Properties[getlistF.Item1.Columns[0].CsName]),
																		Expression.MakeMemberAccess(midParam, midTb.Properties[getlistF.Item1.MiddleColumns[0].CsName])
																	),
																	Expression.Call(
																		Utils.GetLinqContains(getlistF.Item1.MiddleColumns[1].CsType),
																		Expression.NewArrayInit(
																			getlistF.Item1.MiddleColumns[1].CsType,
																			selectExp
																		),
																		Expression.MakeMemberAccess(midParam, midTb.Properties[getlistF.Item1.MiddleColumns[1].CsName])
																	)
																),
																midParam
															)
														),
														anyMethod,
														Expression.Default(anyMethod.GetParameters().FirstOrDefault().ParameterType)
													),
													expParam);

												getselect.Where(expLambad);
											}
											continue;
									}
								}
							}

							var getlistTotal = await getselect.CountAsync();
							var getlist = await getselect.Page(getpage, getlimit).ToListAsync();
							var gethashlists = new Dictionary<string, object>[getlist.Count];
							var gethashlistsIndex = 0;
							foreach (var getlisreplacedem in getlist) {
								var gethashlist = new Dictionary<string, object>();
								foreach (var getcol in tb.ColumnsByCs) {
									gethashlist.Add(getcol.Key, tb.Properties[getcol.Key].GetValue(getlisreplacedem));
								}
								gethashlists[gethashlistsIndex++] = gethashlist;
							}

							var options = new Dictionary<string, object>();
							options["tb"] = tb;
							options["getlist"] = gethashlists;
							options["getlistTotal"] = getlistTotal;
							options["getlistFilter"] = getlistFilter;
							var str = _tpl.Value.RenderFile($"{enreplacedyName}-list.html", options);
							await res.WriteAsync(str);
						}
						return true;
					case "add":
					case "edit":
						//编辑页
						object gereplacedem = null;
						Dictionary<string, object> gethash = null;
						if (req.Query.Any()) {
							gereplacedem = Activator.CreateInstance(enreplacedyType);
							foreach (var getpk in tb.Primarys) {
								var reqv = req.Query[getpk.CsName].ToArray();
								if (reqv.Any())
									fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem, getpk.CsName, reqv.Length == 1 ? (object)reqv.FirstOrDefault() : reqv);
							}
							gereplacedem = await fsql.Select<object>().AsType(enreplacedyType).WhereDynamic(gereplacedem).FirstAsync();
							if (gereplacedem != null) {
								gethash = new Dictionary<string, object>();
								foreach (var getcol in tb.ColumnsByCs) {
									gethash.Add(getcol.Key, tb.Properties[getcol.Key].GetValue(gereplacedem));
								}
							}
						}

						if (req.Method.ToLower() == "get") {
							MakeTemplateFile($"{enreplacedyName}-edit.html", Views.Edit);

							//ManyToOne/OneToOne
							var getlistFilter = new Dictionary<string, (TableRef, string, string, Dictionary<string, object>, List<Dictionary<string, object>>)>();
							var getlistManyed = new Dictionary<string, IEnumerable<string>>();
							foreach (var prop in tb.Properties) {
								if (tb.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(prop.Key)) continue;
								var tbref = tb.GetTableRef(prop.Key, false);
								if (tbref == null) continue;
								switch (tbref.RefType) {
									case TableRefType.OneToMany: continue;
									case TableRefType.ManyToOne:
										getlistFilter.Add(prop.Key, await Utils.GetTableRefData(fsql, tbref));
										continue;
									case TableRefType.OneToOne:
										continue;
									case TableRefType.ManyToMany:
										getlistFilter.Add(prop.Key, await Utils.GetTableRefData(fsql, tbref));

										if (gereplacedem != null) {
											var midType = tbref.RefMiddleEnreplacedyType;
											var midTb = fsql.CodeFirst.GetTableByEnreplacedy(midType);
											var manyed = await fsql.Select<object>().AsType(midType)
												.Where(Utils.GetObjectWhereExpression(midTb, midType, tbref.MiddleColumns[0].CsName, fsql.GetEnreplacedyKeyValues(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem)[0]))
												.ToListAsync();
											getlistManyed.Add(prop.Key, manyed.Select(a => fsql.GetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(midType, a, tbref.MiddleColumns[1].CsName).ToString()));
										}
										continue;
								}
							}

							var options = new Dictionary<string, object>();
							options["tb"] = tb;
							options["gethash"] = gethash;
							options["getlistFilter"] = getlistFilter;
							options["getlistManyed"] = getlistManyed;
							options["postaction"] = $"{requestPathBase}restful-api/{enreplacedyName}";
							var str = _tpl.Value.RenderFile($"{enreplacedyName}-edit.html", options);
							await res.WriteAsync(str);

						} else {
							if (gereplacedem == null) {
								gereplacedem = Activator.CreateInstance(enreplacedyType);
								foreach(var getcol in tb.Columns.Values) {
									if (new[] { typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?) }.Contains(getcol.CsType) && new[] { "create_time", "createtime" }.Contains(getcol.CsName.ToLower()))
										fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem, getcol.CsName, DateTime.Now);
								}
							}
							var manySave = new List<(TableRef, object[], List<object>)>();
							if (req.Form.Any()) {
								foreach(var getcol in tb.Columns.Values) {
									if (new[] { typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?) }.Contains(getcol.CsType) && new[] { "update_time", "updatetime" }.Contains(getcol.CsName.ToLower()))
										fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem, getcol.CsName, DateTime.Now);

									var reqv = req.Form[getcol.CsName].ToArray();
									if (reqv.Any())
										fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem, getcol.CsName, reqv.Length == 1 ? (object)reqv.FirstOrDefault() : reqv);
								}
								//ManyToMany
								foreach (var prop in tb.Properties) {
									if (tb.ColumnsByCs.ContainsKey(prop.Key)) continue;
									var tbref = tb.GetTableRef(prop.Key, false);
									if (tbref == null) continue;
									switch (tbref.RefType) {
										case TableRefType.OneToMany: continue;
										case TableRefType.ManyToOne:
											continue;
										case TableRefType.OneToOne:
											continue;
										case TableRefType.ManyToMany:
											var midType = tbref.RefMiddleEnreplacedyType;
											var mtb = fsql.CodeFirst.GetTableByEnreplacedy(midType);

											var reqv = req.Form[$"mn_{prop.Key}"].ToArray();
											var reqvIndex = 0;
											var manyVals = new object[reqv.Length];
											foreach (var rv in reqv) {
												var miditem = Activator.CreateInstance(midType);
												foreach (var getcol in tb.Columns.Values) {
													if (new[] { typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?) }.Contains(getcol.CsType) && new[] { "create_time", "createtime" }.Contains(getcol.CsName.ToLower()))
														fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(midType, miditem, getcol.CsName, DateTime.Now);

													if (new[] { typeof(DateTime), typeof(DateTime?) }.Contains(getcol.CsType) && new[] { "update_time", "updatetime" }.Contains(getcol.CsName.ToLower()))
														fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(midType, miditem, getcol.CsName, DateTime.Now);
												}
												//fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(midType, miditem, tbref.MiddleColumns[0].CsName, fsql.GetEnreplacedyKeyValues(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem)[0]);
												fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(midType, miditem, tbref.MiddleColumns[1].CsName, rv);
												manyVals[reqvIndex++] = miditem;
											}
											var molds = await fsql.Select<object>().AsType(midType).Where(Utils.GetObjectWhereExpression(mtb, midType, tbref.MiddleColumns[0].CsName, fsql.GetEnreplacedyKeyValues(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem)[0])).ToListAsync();
											manySave.Add((tbref, manyVals, molds));
											continue;
									}
								}
							}


							using (var db = fsql.CreateDbContext()) {

								var dbset = db.Set<object>();
								dbset.AsType(enreplacedyType);

								await dbset.AddOrUpdateAsync(gereplacedem);

								foreach (var ms in manySave) {
									var midType = ms.Item1.RefMiddleEnreplacedyType;
									var moldsDic = ms.Item3.ToDictionary(a => fsql.GetEnreplacedyKeyString(midType, a, true));

									var manyset = db.Set<object>();
									manyset.AsType(midType);
									
									foreach (var msVal in ms.Item2) {
										fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(midType, msVal, ms.Item1.MiddleColumns[0].CsName, fsql.GetEnreplacedyKeyValues(enreplacedyType, gereplacedem)[0]);
										await manyset.AddOrUpdateAsync(msVal);
										moldsDic.Remove(fsql.GetEnreplacedyKeyString(midType, msVal, true));
									}
									manyset.RemoveRange(moldsDic.Values);
								}

								await db.SaveChangesAsync();
							}
							gethash = new Dictionary<string, object>();
							foreach (var getcol in tb.ColumnsByCs) {
								gethash.Add(getcol.Key, tb.Properties[getcol.Key].GetValue(gereplacedem));
							}

							await Utils.Jsonp(context, new { code = 0, success = true, message = "Success", data = gethash });
						}
						return true;
					case "del":
						if (req.Method.ToLower() == "post") {

							var delitems = new List<object>();
							var reqv = new List<string[]>();
							foreach(var delpk in tb.Primarys) {
								var reqvs = req.Form[delpk.CsName].ToArray();
								if (reqv.Count > 0 && reqvs.Length != reqv[0].Length) throw new Exception("删除失败，联合主键参数传递不对等");
								reqv.Add(reqvs);
							}
							if (reqv[0].Length == 0) return true;

							using (var ctx = fsql.CreateDbContext()) {
								var dbset = ctx.Set<object>();
								dbset.AsType(enreplacedyType);

								for (var a = 0; a < reqv[0].Length; a++) {
									object delitem = Activator.CreateInstance(enreplacedyType);
									var delpkindex = 0;
									foreach (var delpk in tb.Primarys)
										fsql.SetEnreplacedyValueWithPropertyName(enreplacedyType, delitem, delpk.CsName, reqv[delpkindex++][a]);
									dbset.Remove(delitem);
								}
								await ctx.SaveChangesAsync();
							}

							await Utils.Jsonp(context, new { code = 0, success = true, message = "Success" });
							return true;
						}
						break;
				}
			}
			return false;
		}

public static IQueryable<T> ThenInclude<T>(this IQueryable<T> source, IncludeExpressionInfo info)
        {
            _ = info ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(info));
            _ = info.PreviousPropertyType ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(info.PreviousPropertyType));

            var queryExpr = Expression.Call(
                typeof(EnreplacedyFrameworkQueryableExtensions),
                "ThenInclude",
                new Type[] {
                    info.EnreplacedyType,
                    info.PreviousPropertyType,
                    info.PropertyType
                },
                source.Expression,
                info.LambdaExpression
                );

            return source.Provider.CreateQuery<T>(queryExpr);
        }

private static Func<object, object[], object> CreateInvokeDelegate(MethodInfo methodInfo)
        {
            // Target: ((TInstance)instance).Method((T0)parameters[0], (T1)parameters[1], ...)

            // parameters to execute
            var instanceParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "instance");
            var parametersParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object[]), "parameters");

            // build parameter list
            var parameterExpressions = new List<Expression>();
            var paramInfos = methodInfo.GetParameters();
            for (int i = 0; i < paramInfos.Length; i++)
            {
                // (Ti)parameters[i]
                BinaryExpression valueObj = Expression.ArrayIndex(
                    parametersParameter, Expression.Constant(i));
                UnaryExpression valueCast = Expression.Convert(
                    valueObj, paramInfos[i].ParameterType);

                parameterExpressions.Add(valueCast);
            }

            // non-instance for static method, or ((TInstance)instance)
            var instanceCast = methodInfo.IsStatic ? null :
                Expression.Convert(instanceParameter, methodInfo.ReflectedType);

            // static invoke or ((TInstance)instance).Method
            var methodCall = Expression.Call(instanceCast, methodInfo, parameterExpressions);

            // ((TInstance)instance).Method((T0)parameters[0], (T1)parameters[1], ...)
            if (methodCall.Type == typeof(void))
            {
                var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Action<object, object[]>>(
                        methodCall, instanceParameter, parametersParameter);

                Action<object, object[]> execute = lambda.Compile();
                return (instance, parameters) =>
                {
                    execute(instance, parameters);
                    return null;
                };
            }
            else
            {
                var castMethodCall = Expression.Convert(methodCall, typeof(object));
                var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, object[], object>>(
                    castMethodCall, instanceParameter, parametersParameter);

                return lambda.Compile();
            }
        }

public virtual Expression ConvertUnaryNode(Expression e, Enreplacedy typeHolder)
        {
            if (UnaryNodeConverter is not null)
                return UnaryNodeConverter(e, typeHolder);
            
            return typeHolder switch
            {
                Sinf      when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE  => Expression.Call(GetDef("Sin", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Cosf      when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE  => Expression.Call(GetDef("Cos", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Tanf      when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE  => Expression.Call(GetDef("Tan", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Cotanf    when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE  => Expression.Call(GetDef("Cot", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Secantf   when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE  => Expression.Call(GetDef("Sec", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Cosecantf when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE  => Expression.Call(GetDef("Csc", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                
                Arcsinf      when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE => Expression.Call(GetDef("Asin", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Arccosf      when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE => Expression.Call(GetDef("Acos", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Arctanf      when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE => Expression.Call(GetDef("Atan", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Arccotanf    when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE => Expression.Call(GetDef("Acot", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Arcsecantf   when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE => Expression.Call(GetDef("Asec", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                Arccosecantf when ShouldBeAtLeastDouble(e) is var newE => Expression.Call(GetDef("Acsc", 1, newE.Type), newE),
                
                Absf =>         Expression.Call(GetDef("Abs", 1, e.Type), e),
                Signumf =>      Expression.Call(GetDef("Sgn", 1, e.Type), e),
                
                Notf =>         Expression.Not(e),
                
                _ => throw new AngouriBugException("An unary node seems to be not added")
            };

public static IQueryable<T> Search<T>(this IQueryable<T> source, IEnumerable<(Expression<Func<T, string>> selector, string searchTerm)> criterias)
        {
            Expression expr = null;
            var parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(T), "x");

            foreach (var (selector, searchTerm) in criterias)
            {
                if (selector == null || string.IsNullOrEmpty(searchTerm))
                    continue;

                var like = typeof(DbFunctions).GetMethod(nameof(DbFunctions.Like), new Type[] { typeof(string), typeof(string) });

                var propertySelector = ParameterReplacerVisitor.Replace(selector, selector.Parameters[0], parameter);

                var likeExpression = Expression.Call(
                                        null,
                                        like,
                                        (propertySelector as LambdaExpression)?.Body,
                                        Expression.Constant(searchTerm));

                expr = expr == null ? (Expression)likeExpression : Expression.OrElse(expr, likeExpression);
            }

            return expr == null
                ? source
                : source.Where(Expression.Lambda<Func<T, bool>>(expr, parameter));
        }

PushDataDelegate CreatePushDataDelegateForEdge(SerializableEdge edge)
		{
			try
			{
				//Creation of the delegate to move the data from the input node to the output node:
				FieldInfo inputField = edge.inputNode.GetType().GetField(edge.inputFieldName, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
				FieldInfo outputField = edge.outputNode.GetType().GetField(edge.outputFieldName, BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance);
				Type inType, outType;

#if DEBUG_LAMBDA
				return new PushDataDelegate(() => {
					var outValue = outputField.GetValue(edge.outputNode);
					inType = edge.inputPort.portData.displayType ?? inputField.FieldType;
					outType = edge.outputPort.portData.displayType ?? outputField.FieldType;
					Debug.Log($"Push: {inType}({outValue}) -> {outType} | {owner.name}");

					object convertedValue = outValue;
					if (TypeAdapter.Arereplacedignable(outType, inType))
					{
						var convertionMethod = TypeAdapter.GetConvertionMethod(outType, inType);
						Debug.Log("Convertion method: " + convertionMethod.Name);
						convertedValue = convertionMethod.Invoke(null, new object[]{ outValue });
					}

					inputField.SetValue(edge.inputNode, convertedValue);
				});
#endif

// We keep slow checks inside the editor
#if UNITY_EDITOR
				if (!BaseGraph.TypesAreConnectable(inputField.FieldType, outputField.FieldType))
				{
					Debug.LogError("Can't convert from " + inputField.FieldType + " to " + outputField.FieldType + ", you must specify a custom port function (i.e CustomPortInput or CustomPortOutput) for non-implicit convertions");
					return null;
				}
#endif

				Expression inputParamField = Expression.Field(Expression.Constant(edge.inputNode), inputField);
				Expression outputParamField = Expression.Field(Expression.Constant(edge.outputNode), outputField);

				inType = edge.inputPort.portData.displayType ?? inputField.FieldType;
				outType = edge.outputPort.portData.displayType ?? outputField.FieldType;

				// If there is a user defined convertion function, then we call it
				if (TypeAdapter.Arereplacedignable(outType, inType))
				{
					// We add a cast in case there we're calling the conversion method with a base clreplaced parameter (like object)
					var convertedParam = Expression.Convert(outputParamField, outType);
					outputParamField = Expression.Call(TypeAdapter.GetConvertionMethod(outType, inType), convertedParam);
					// In case there is a custom port behavior in the output, then we need to re-cast to the base type because
					// the convertion method return type is not always replacedignable directly:
					outputParamField = Expression.Convert(outputParamField, inputField.FieldType);
				}
				else // otherwise we cast
					outputParamField = Expression.Convert(outputParamField, inputField.FieldType);

				BinaryExpression replacedign = Expression.replacedign(inputParamField, outputParamField);
				return Expression.Lambda< PushDataDelegate >(replacedign).Compile();
			} catch (Exception e) {
				Debug.LogError(e);
				return null;
			}
		}

protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
        {
            // only replace first occurrence
            if (ReplacedMethod != null || _foundExpression == null)
            {
                return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
            }

            if (node == _foundExpression)
            {
                // if method has invalid type
                var parameters = node.Method.GetParameters();

                if (parameters.Length > 1 &&
                    typeof(Expression).IsreplacedignableFrom(parameters[1].ParameterType))
                {
                    FoundElementOperator = true;
                    ReplacedMethod = node.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition();
                    return Call(null, QueryableWhereMethod.MakeGenericMethod(typeof(TDestination)),
                        node.Arguments);
                }
                // no predicate
                if (parameters.Length == 1)
                {
                    FoundElementOperator = true;
                    ElementOperator = node.Method.GetGenericMethodDefinition();
                    return node.Arguments[0];
                }
            }

            return base.VisitMethodCall(node);
        }

private static Expression CreateDisposeOperation (TypeInfo enumerator_type, ParameterExpression enumerator)
		{
		    if (Reflection.IDisposable.IsreplacedignableFrom(enumerator_type))
		        return Call(enumerator, Reflection.IDisposable_Dispose);

		    if (enumerator_type.IsValueType)
                return null;

			ParameterExpression disposable = Variable(typeof(IDisposable));

			return Block(
				new [] { disposable },
                replacedign(disposable, TypeAs(enumerator, typeof(IDisposable))),
                IfThen(ReferenceNotEqual(disposable, Constant(null)),
                    Call(disposable, Reflection.IDisposable_Dispose)
                )
            );
		}

protected override Expression VisitBinary(BinaryExpression node)
            {
                var newLeft = Visit(node.Left);
                var newRight = Visit(node.Right);

                // check if the non-string expression is a null constent
                // as this would lead to a "null.ToString()" and thus an error when executing the expression
                if (newLeft.Type != newRight.Type && newRight.Type == typeof(string) && !IsNullConstant(newLeft))
                    newLeft = Call(newLeft, typeof(object).GetDeclaredMethod("ToString"));
                if (newRight.Type != newLeft.Type && newLeft.Type == typeof(string) && !IsNullConstant(newRight))
                    newRight = Call(newRight, typeof(object).GetDeclaredMethod("ToString"));
                CheckNullableToNonNullableChanges(node.Left, node.Right, ref newLeft, ref newRight);
                CheckNullableToNonNullableChanges(node.Right, node.Left, ref newRight, ref newLeft);
                return MakeBinary(node.NodeType, newLeft, newRight);
                bool IsNullConstant(Expression expression) => expression is ConstantExpression constant && constant.Value == null;
            }

public static Func<object, object> GetValueGetter([NotNull] this PropertyInfo @this)
        {
            return ReflectionDictionary.PropertyValueGetters.GetOrAdd(@this, prop =>
            {
                if (!prop.CanRead)
                    return null;

                Debug.replacedert(@this.DeclaringType != null);

                var instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "obj");
                var getterCall = Expression.Call(@this.DeclaringType.IsValueType
                    ? Expression.Unbox(instance, @this.DeclaringType)
                    : Expression.Convert(instance, @this.DeclaringType), prop.GetGetMethod());
                var castToObject = Expression.Convert(getterCall, typeof(object));
                return (Func<object, object>)Expression.Lambda(castToObject, instance).Compile();
            });
        }

protected override Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression node)
        {
            if (!IsParentParameterExpression())
                return base.VisitMethodCall(node);

            if (!object.ReferenceEquals(CurrentParameter, node.GetParameterExpression()))
                return base.VisitMethodCall(node);

            if (node.Method.IsStatic)
            {
                if (!IsExtentionMethod())
                    return base.VisitMethodCall(node);

                if (node.Method.IsGenericMethod)
                    return Expression.Call
                    (
                        node.Method.DeclaringType,
                        node.Method.Name,
                        node.Method.GetGenericArguments(),
                        GetNewArgumentsForExtensionMethod()
                    );
                else
                    return Expression.Call(node.Method, GetNewArgumentsForExtensionMethod());
            }

            //instance method
            if (node.Method.IsGenericMethod)
            {
                return Expression.Call
                (
                    GetNewParent(),
                    node.Method.Name,
                    node.Method.GetGenericArguments(),
                    node.Arguments.ToArray()
                );
            }
            else
            {
                return Expression.Call
                (
                    GetNewParent(),
                    node.Method,
                    node.Arguments
                );
            }

            Expression[] GetNewArgumentsForExtensionMethod()
            {
                Expression[] arguments = node.Arguments.ToArray();
                arguments[0] = GetNewParent();
                return arguments.ToArray();
            }

            Expression GetNewParent()
                => string.IsNullOrEmpty(ParentFullName)
                ? NewParameter
                : ExpressionHelpers.MemberAccesses(ParentFullName, NewParameter);

            bool IsParentParameterExpression()
            {
                if (node.Method.IsStatic)
                    return node.Arguments[0] is ParameterExpression;

                if (!node.Method.IsStatic)
                    return node.Object is ParameterExpression;

                return false;
            }

            bool IsExtentionMethod()
                => node.Method.IsDefined(typeof(ExtensionAttribute), true);
        }

async internal Task ExecCommandAsync() {
			if (isExecCommanding) return;
			if (_actions.Any() == false) return;
			isExecCommanding = true;

			ExecCommandInfo oldinfo = null;
			var states = new List<object>();

			Func<string, Task<int>> dbContextBetch = methodName => {
				if (_dicExecCommandDbContextBetchAsync.TryGetValue(oldinfo.stateType, out var trydic) == false)
					trydic = new Dictionary<string, Func<object, object[], Task<int>>>();
				if (trydic.TryGetValue(methodName, out var tryfunc) == false) {
					var arrType = oldinfo.stateType.MakeArrayType();
					var dbsetType = oldinfo.dbSet.GetType().BaseType;
					var dbsetTypeMethod = dbsetType.GetMethod(methodName, BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Instance, null, new[] { arrType }, null);

					var returnTarget = Expression.Label(typeof(Task<int>));
					var parm1DbSet = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
					var parm2Vals = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object[]));
					var var1Vals = Expression.Variable(arrType);
					tryfunc = Expression.Lambda<Func<object, object[], Task<int>>>(Expression.Block(
						new[] { var1Vals },
						Expression.replacedign(var1Vals, Expression.Convert(global::FreeSql.Internal.Utils.GetDataReaderValueBlockExpression(arrType, parm2Vals), arrType)),
						Expression.Return(returnTarget, Expression.Call(Expression.Convert(parm1DbSet, dbsetType), dbsetTypeMethod, var1Vals)),
						Expression.Label(returnTarget, Expression.Default(typeof(Task<int>)))
					), new[] { parm1DbSet, parm2Vals }).Compile();
					trydic.Add(methodName, tryfunc);
				}
				return tryfunc(oldinfo.dbSet, states.ToArray());
			};
			Func<Task> funcDelete = async () => {
				_affrows += await dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchRemoveAsync");
				states.Clear();
			};
			Func<Task> funcInsert = async  () => {
				_affrows += await dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchAddAsync");
				states.Clear();
			};
			Func<bool, Task> funcUpdate = async (isLiveUpdate) => {
				var affrows = 0;
				if (isLiveUpdate) affrows = await dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchUpdateNowAsync");
				else affrows = await dbContextBetch("DbContextBetchUpdateAsync");
				if (affrows == -999) { //最后一个元素已被删除
					states.RemoveAt(states.Count - 1);
					return;
				}
				if (affrows == -998 || affrows == -997) { //没有执行更新
					var laststate = states[states.Count - 1];
					states.Clear();
					if (affrows == -997) states.Add(laststate); //保留最后一个
				}
				if (affrows > 0) {
					_affrows += affrows;
					var islastNotUpdated = states.Count != affrows;
					var laststate = states[states.Count - 1];
					states.Clear();
					if (islastNotUpdated) states.Add(laststate); //保留最后一个
				}
			};

			while (_actions.Any() || states.Any()) {
				var info = _actions.Any() ? _actions.Dequeue() : null;
				if (oldinfo == null) oldinfo = info;
				var isLiveUpdate = false;

				if (_actions.Any() == false && states.Any() ||
					info != null && oldinfo.actionType != info.actionType ||
					info != null && oldinfo.stateType != info.stateType) {

					if (info != null && oldinfo.actionType == info.actionType && oldinfo.stateType == info.stateType) {
						//最后一个，合起来发送
						states.Add(info.state);
						info = null;
					}

					switch (oldinfo.actionType) {
						case ExecCommandInfoType.Insert:
							await funcInsert();
							break;
						case ExecCommandInfoType.Delete:
							await funcDelete();
							break;
					}
					isLiveUpdate = true;
				}

				if (isLiveUpdate || oldinfo.actionType == ExecCommandInfoType.Update) {
					if (states.Any())
						await funcUpdate(isLiveUpdate);
				}

				if (info != null) {
					states.Add(info.state);
					oldinfo = info;
				}
			}
			isExecCommanding = false;
		}

public static Expression GetTakeCall(this Expression expression, int? top)
        {
            if (top == null) return expression;

            return Expression.Call
            (
                expression.Type.IsIQueryable() ? typeof(Queryable) : typeof(Enumerable),
                "Take",
                new[] { expression.GetUnderlyingElementType() },
                expression,
                Expression.Constant(top.Value)
            );
        }

[CanBeNull]
        public static Func<object, object> GetValueGetter([NotNull] this PropertyInfo propertyInfo)
        {
            return CacheUtil.PropertyValueGetters.GetOrAdd(propertyInfo, prop =>
            {
                if (!prop.CanRead)
                    return null;

                Debug.replacedert(propertyInfo.DeclaringType != null);

                var instance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object), "obj");
                var getterCall = Expression.Call(propertyInfo.DeclaringType.IsValueType
                    ? Expression.Unbox(instance, propertyInfo.DeclaringType)
                    : Expression.Convert(instance, propertyInfo.DeclaringType), prop.GetGetMethod());
                var castToObject = Expression.Convert(getterCall, typeof(object));
                return (Func<object, object>)Expression.Lambda(castToObject, instance).Compile();
            });
        }

public static Expression GetOrderByCall(this Expression expression, string memberFullName, string methodName, string selectorParameterName = "a")
        {
            Type sourceType = expression.GetUnderlyingElementType();
            MemberInfo memberInfo = sourceType.GetMemberInfoFromFullName(memberFullName);
            return Expression.Call
            (
                expression.Type.IsIQueryable() ? typeof(Queryable) : typeof(Enumerable),
                methodName,
                new Type[] { sourceType, memberInfo.GetMemberType() },
                expression,
                memberFullName.GetTypedSelector(sourceType, selectorParameterName)
            );
        }

private TDelegate GetActionWithParams<TDelegate>(string methodName, params Type[] argTypes)
            {
                var methodInfo = Type.GetMethod(methodName) ?? throw new ArgumentException(nameof(methodName));
                var argTypeList = argTypes.Any() ? argTypes : typeof(TDelegate).GetGenericArguments();
                (ParameterExpression expression, Type type)[] argObjectParameters = argTypeList
                    .Select(item => (Expression.Parameter(typeof(object)), item))
                    .ToArray();

                var method = Expression.Lambda<TDelegate>(
                        Expression.Call(
                            Expression.Constant(_instance),
                            methodInfo,
                            argObjectParameters.Select(item => Expression.Convert(item.expression, item.type))),
                        argObjectParameters.Select(item => item.expression))
                    .Compile();

                return method;
            }

private dyn_deserialize makeDeserialize()
      {
          var pSchema   = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TypeSchema));
          var pReader   = Expression.Parameter(typeof(SlimReader));
          var pTReg     = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TypeRegistry));
          var pRefs     = Expression.Parameter(typeof(RefPool));
          var pInstance = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object).MakeByRefType());
          var pStreamingContext = Expression.Parameter(typeof(StreamingContext));

          var expressions = new List<Expression>();

          var instance = Expression.Variable(Type, "instance");

          expressions.Add( Expression.replacedign(instance, Expression.Convert(pInstance, Type)));


          if (IsPrimitive)
          {
            expressions.Add( Expression.replacedign
                                      (instance,  Expression.Call(pReader, Format.GetReadMethodForType(Type)) )
                            );

          }
          else if (IsArray)
          {
              var elmType = Type.GetElementType();
              var _walkArrayRead = typeof(TypeDescriptor).GetMethod("walkArrayRead", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static).MakeGenericMethod(elmType);

              if (Format.IsTypeSupported(elmType))//array element type
              {
                //spool whole array from reader using primitive types
                expressions.Add( Expression.Call(_walkArrayRead,
                                                  instance,
                                                  Expression.Lambda(Expression.Call(pReader, Format.GetReadMethodForType(elmType)))
                                                )
                  );
              }
              else
              {  //spool whole array using TypeSchema because objects may change type
                if (!elmType.IsValueType)//reference type
                  expressions.Add( Expression.Call(_walkArrayRead,
                                                  instance,
                                                  Expression.Lambda(
                                                                  Expression.Convert(
                                                                                    Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                                                                                typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("readRefMetaHandle"),
                                                                                                pReader,
                                                                                                pTReg,
                                                                                                pRefs,
                                                                                                pStreamingContext),
                                                                                    elmType
                                                                                    )
                                                                  )
                                                )
                                );
                else
                  expressions.Add( Expression.Call(_walkArrayRead,
                                                  instance,
                                                  Expression.Lambda(
                                                                  Expression.Convert(
                                                                                    Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                                                                            typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("Deserialize"),
                                                                                            pReader,
                                                                                            pTReg,
                                                                                            pRefs,
                                                                                            pStreamingContext,
                                                                                            Expression.Constant(elmType)),//valueType
                                                                                  elmType
                                                                                  )
                                                                    )
                                                )
                                );
              }
          }
          else//loop through fields
          {
            foreach(var field in Fields)
            {
                      Expression expr = null;
                      Type t = field.FieldType;

                      Expression replacedignmentTargetExpression;
                      if (field.IsInitOnly)//readonly fields must be replacedigned using reflection
                      {
                        replacedignmentTargetExpression =  Expression.Variable(t, "readonlyFieldValue");
                      }
                      else
                        replacedignmentTargetExpression = Expression.Field(instance, field);


                      if (Format.IsTypeSupported(t))
                      {
                        expr =  Expression.replacedign(
                                                    replacedignmentTargetExpression,
                                                    Expression.Call(pReader, Format.GetReadMethodForType(t))
                                                  );
                      }
                      else
                      if (t.IsEnum)
                      {
                        expr =  Expression.replacedign(
                                                    replacedignmentTargetExpression,
                                                    Expression.Convert(
                                                          Expression.Call(pReader, Format.GetReadMethodForType(typeof(int))),
                                                          field.FieldType
                                                          )
                                                  );
                      }
                      else // complex type ->  struct or reference
                      {
                        if (!t.IsValueType)//reference type -> read metahandle
                        {
                          expr =  Expression.replacedign(
                                                    replacedignmentTargetExpression,

                                                    Expression.Convert(
                                                            Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                                                        typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("readRefMetaHandle"),
                                                                        pReader,
                                                                        pTReg,
                                                                        pRefs,
                                                                        pStreamingContext),
                                                        field.FieldType)
                                                    );
                        }
                        else
                        {
                          expr =  Expression.replacedign(
                                                    replacedignmentTargetExpression,
                                                    Expression.Convert(
                                                            Expression.Call(pSchema,
                                                                            typeof(TypeSchema).GetMethod("Deserialize"),
                                                                            pReader,
                                                                            pTReg,
                                                                            pRefs,
                                                                            pStreamingContext,
                                                                            Expression.Constant(field.FieldType)),//valueType
                                                            field.FieldType)
                                                    );
                        }
                      }

                      if (replacedignmentTargetExpression is ParameterExpression)//readonly fields
                      {
                        if (Type.IsValueType)//20150405DKh added
                        {
                          var vBoxed = Expression.Variable(typeof(object), "vBoxed");
                          var box = Expression.replacedign(vBoxed, Expression.TypeAs( instance, typeof(object)));//box the value type
                          var setField =  Expression.Call( Expression.Constant(field),
                                                              typeof(FieldInfo).GetMethod("SetValue", new Type[]{typeof(object), typeof(object)}),
                                                              vBoxed, //on boxed struct
                                                              Expression.Convert( replacedignmentTargetExpression, typeof(object))
                                                        );
                          var swap = Expression.replacedign( instance,  Expression.Unbox(vBoxed, Type));
                          expressions.Add(
                              Expression.Block
                              (new ParameterExpression[]{(ParameterExpression)replacedignmentTargetExpression, vBoxed},
                                box,
                                expr,
                                setField,
                                swap
                              )
                          );
                        }
                        else
                        {

                          var setField =  Expression.Call( Expression.Constant(field),
                                                              typeof(FieldInfo).GetMethod("SetValue", new Type[]{typeof(object), typeof(object)}),
                                                              instance,
                                                              Expression.Convert( replacedignmentTargetExpression, typeof(object))
                                                        );
                          expressions.Add( Expression.Block(new ParameterExpression[]{(ParameterExpression)replacedignmentTargetExpression}, expr, setField) );
                        }
                      }
                      else
                        expressions.Add(expr);
            }//foreach
            }//loop through fields


        expressions.Add( Expression.replacedign(pInstance, Expression.Convert(instance, typeof(object))));

        var body = Expression.Block(new ParameterExpression[]{instance}, expressions);
        return Expression.Lambda<dyn_deserialize>(body, pSchema, pReader, pTReg, pRefs, pInstance, pStreamingContext).Compile();
      }

static System.Linq.Expressions.Expression BuildExpr<T>(Expression r, ParameterExpression param)
        {
            var left = MemberExpression.Property(param, r.MemberName);
            var tProp = typeof(T).GetProperty(r.MemberName).PropertyType;
            ExpressionType tBinary;
            // is the operator a known .NET operator?
            if (ExpressionType.TryParse(r.Operator, out tBinary))
            {
                var right = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Constant(Convert.ChangeType(r.TargetValue, tProp));
                // use a binary operation, e.g. 'Equal' -> 'u.Age == 15'
                return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.MakeBinary(tBinary, left, right);
            }

            if (r.Operator == "MatchRegex" || r.Operator == "NotMatchRegex")
            {
                var regex = new Regex(r.TargetValue);
                var method = typeof(Regex).GetMethod("IsMatch", new[] {typeof(string)});
                Debug.replacedert(method != null, nameof(method) + " != null");
                var callInstance = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Constant(regex);

                var toStringMethod = tProp.GetMethod("ToString", new Type[0]);
                Debug.replacedert(toStringMethod != null, nameof(toStringMethod) + " != null");
                var methodParam = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(left, toStringMethod);

                var call = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(callInstance, method, methodParam);
                if (r.Operator == "MatchRegex") return call;
                if (r.Operator == "NotMatchRegex") return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Not(call);
            }

            if (tProp.Name == "String")
            { 
                var method = tProp.GetMethod(r.Operator, new Type[] { typeof(string) });
                var tParam = method.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType;
                var right = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Constant(Convert.ChangeType(r.TargetValue, tParam));
                // use a method call, e.g. 'Contains' -> 'u.Tags.Contains(some_tag)'
                return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(left, method, right);
            }
            else { 
                var method = tProp.GetMethod(r.Operator);
                var tParam = method.GetParameters()[0].ParameterType;
                var right = System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Constant(Convert.ChangeType(r.TargetValue, tParam));
                // use a method call, e.g. 'Contains' -> 'u.Tags.Contains(some_tag)'
                return System.Linq.Expressions.Expression.Call(left, method, right);
            }
        }

public IMethodInvoker<TInstance, TReturn> Create<TInstance, TReturn>(MethodInfo method)
        {
            if (method == null)
            {
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(method));
            }

            if (typeof(TInstance) != method.ReflectedType)
            {
                throw new InvalidOperationException("The Type must match the method's ReflectedType.");
            }

            // Parameter to invoker: TInstance instance
            ParameterExpression instanceParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(TInstance), "instance");

            // Parameter to invoker: object[] arguments
            ParameterExpression argumentsParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object[]), "arguments");

            // Local variables preplaceded as arguments to Call
            List<ParameterExpression> localVariables = new List<ParameterExpression>();

            // Pre-Call, copy from arguments array to local variables.
            List<Expression> arrayToLocalsreplacedignments = new List<Expression>();

            // Post-Call, copy from local variables back to arguments array.
            List<Expression> localsToArrayreplacedignments = new List<Expression>();

            // If the method returns a value: T returnValue
            ParameterExpression returnValue;

            Type returnType = method.ReturnType;
            if (returnType == typeof(void))
            {
                returnValue = null;
            }
            else
            {
                returnValue = Expression.Parameter(returnType);
            }

            ParameterInfo[] parameterInfos = method.GetParameters();
            Debug.replacedert(parameterInfos != null);

            for (int index = 0; index < parameterInfos.Length; index++)
            {
                ParameterInfo parameterInfo = parameterInfos[index];
                Type argumentType = parameterInfo.ParameterType;

                if (argumentType.IsByRef)
                {
                    // The type of the local variable (and object in the arguments array) should be T rather than T&.
                    argumentType = argumentType.GetElementType()!;
                }

                // T argumentN
                ParameterExpression localVariable = Expression.Parameter(argumentType);
                localVariables.Add(localVariable);

                // arguments[index]
                Expression arrayAccess = Expression.ArrayAccess(argumentsParameter, Expression.Constant(index));

                // Pre-Call:
                // T argumentN = (T)arguments[index];
                Expression arrayAccessAsT = Expression.Convert(arrayAccess, argumentType);
                Expression replacedignArrayToLocal = Expression.replacedign(localVariable, arrayAccessAsT);
                arrayToLocalsreplacedignments.Add(replacedignArrayToLocal);

                // Post-Call:
                // arguments[index] = (object)argumentN;
                Expression localAsObject = Expression.Convert(localVariable, typeof(object));
                Expression replacedignLocalToArray = Expression.replacedign(arrayAccess, localAsObject);
                localsToArrayreplacedignments.Add(replacedignLocalToArray);
            }

            Expression callInstance;

            if (method.IsStatic)
            {
                callInstance = null;
            }
            else
            {
                callInstance = instanceParameter;
            }

            // Instance call:
            // instance.method(param0, param1, ...);
            // Static call:
            // method(param0, param1, ...);
            Expression call = Expression.Call(callInstance, method, localVariables);
            Expression callResult;

            if (returnType == typeof(void))
            {
                callResult = call;
            }
            else
            {
                // T returnValue = method(param0, param1, ...);
                callResult = Expression.replacedign(returnValue, call);
            }

            List<Expression> blockExpressions = new List<Expression>();
            // T0 argument0 = (T0)arguments[0];
            // T1 argument1 = (T1)arguments[1];
            // ...
            blockExpressions.AddRange(arrayToLocalsreplacedignments);
            // Call(argument0, argument1, ...);
            // or
            // T returnValue = Call(param0, param1, ...);
            blockExpressions.Add(callResult);
            // arguments[0] = (object)argument0;
            // arguments[1] = (object)argument1;
            // ...
            blockExpressions.AddRange(localsToArrayreplacedignments);

            if (returnValue != null)
            {
                // return returnValue;
                blockExpressions.Add(returnValue);
            }

            List<ParameterExpression> blockVariables = new List<ParameterExpression>();
            blockVariables.AddRange(localVariables);

            if (returnValue != null)
            {
                blockVariables.Add(returnValue);
            }

            Expression block = Expression.Block(blockVariables, blockExpressions);

            if (call.Type == typeof(void))
            {
                // for: public void Function()
                var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Action<TInstance, object[]>>(
                    block,
                    instanceParameter,
                    argumentsParameter);
                Action<TInstance, object[]> compiled = lambda.Compile();
                return new VoidMethodInvoker<TInstance, TReturn>(compiled);
            }
            else if (call.Type == typeof(Task))
            {
                // for: public Task Function()
                var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TInstance, object[], Task>>(
                    block,
                    instanceParameter,
                    argumentsParameter);
                Func<TInstance, object[], Task> compiled = lambda.Compile();
                return new VoidTaskMethodInvoker<TInstance, TReturn>(compiled);
            }
            else if (typeof(Task).IsreplacedignableFrom(call.Type))
            {
                // for: public Task<TReturn> Function()
                var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TInstance, object[], Task<TReturn>>>(
                    block,
                    instanceParameter,
                    argumentsParameter);
                Func<TInstance, object[], Task<TReturn>> compiled = lambda.Compile();
                return new TaskMethodInvoker<TInstance, TReturn>(compiled);
            }
            else
            {
                // for: public TReturn Function()
                var lambda = Expression.Lambda<Func<TInstance, object[], TReturn>>(
                    block,
                    instanceParameter,
                    argumentsParameter);
                Func<TInstance, object[], TReturn> compiled = lambda.Compile();
                return new MethodInvokerWithReturnValue<TInstance, TReturn>(compiled);
            }
        }

private static Expression BuildSerializeCore(Type type, ObjectSerializationInfo serializationInfo, ParameterExpression instance)
        {
            List<Expression> ary = new List<Expression>();
            LabelTarget returnTarget = Expression.Label(typeof(void), "returnLable");

            if (!type.IsValueType)
            {
                //if (value==null)
                //     writer.WriteNull(); goto label;
                ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Block_IfNullWriteNullWithReturn(instance, type, returnTarget));
            }

            ParameterExpression[] variables = null;
            var keys = serializationInfo.SerializeMemberInfos;
            if (keys.Length == 0)
            {
                //writer.WriteRaw(Array3Cache._EmptyBuffer);
                ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_WriteRaw(Expression.Field(null, Array3Cache._EmptyBuffer)));
            }
            else
            {
                int maxLen = keys[keys.Length - 1].KeyIndex + 1;
                Type stackallocBlockType = StackallocBlockProvider.GetOrCreateType(maxLen * sizeof(uint));
                //long position;
                //Block{size} block;
                //IntPtr blockPtr;
                variables = new ParameterExpression[3];
                variables[0] = Expression.Variable(typeof(long), "elementOffPosition");
                variables[1] = Expression.Variable(stackallocBlockType, "block");
                variables[2] = Expression.Variable(typeof(IntPtr),"blockPtr");

                //position = writer.WriteArray3Header(keys.Length);
                ary.Add(Expression.replacedign(variables[0], CommonExpressionMeta.Call_WriteArray3Header(maxLen)));
                //block = new Block{size}();
                ary.Add(Expression.replacedign(variables[1], Expression.New(stackallocBlockType)));
                //blockPtr = AsPointer(ref block);
                ary.Add(Expression.replacedign(variables[2], ExpressionTreeAux.AsPointerExpression(variables[1])));

                //0,3,5  --> maxLen = 6
                FieldInfo memFormatters = serializationInfo.StoreMemberFormatterInstances();
                int realIndex = 0;


                for (int i = 0; i < maxLen; i++)
                {
                    //StackallocBlockHelper.WriteUInt(blockPtr, 0, (uint)(writer.Position - position));
                    ary.Add(Expression.Call(null, StackallocBlockHelper._WriteUIntMethodInfo, variables[2], Expression.Constant(i), Expression.Convert(Expression.Subtract(CommonExpressionMeta.Field_WriterPos, variables[0]), typeof(uint))));

                    if (keys[realIndex].KeyIndex != i)
                    {
                        //WriteNull()
                        ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_Writer_WriteNull);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        //Writer(mem.Value)
                        ary.Add(SpecialCodeGenExpression.WriteValues(keys[realIndex], instance, memFormatters));
                        realIndex++;
                    }
                }

                //writer.WriteBackArray3Header(blockPtr)
                ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_WriteBackArray3Header(variables[0], variables[2], maxLen));
            }

            ary.Add(Expression.Label(returnTarget));

            if (variables != null)
                return Expression.Block(variables, ary);
            return Expression.Block(ary);
        }

static Expression Create(Expression[] args, Expression[] contextArgs)
        {
            var inputExpression = args.FirstOrDefault() as ConstantExpression;
            string queryString = inputExpression?.Value as string;

            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(queryString))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException("twin_change_includes argument cannot be empty");
            }

            // Validate query string as JsonPath
            string errorDetails;
            if (!TwinChangeJsonPathValidator.IsSupportedJsonPath(queryString, out errorDetails))
            {
                throw new ArgumentException(
                    string.Format(
                        CultureInfo.InvariantCulture,
                        "{0}",
                        errorDetails));
            }

            return Expression.Call(typeof(TwinChangeIncludes).GetMethod("Runtime", BindingFlags.NonPublic | BindingFlags.Static), args.Union(contextArgs));
        }

protected MethodCallExpression UpdateMethodCall(MethodCallExpression m, Expression obj, MethodInfo method, IEnumerable<Expression> args)
        {
            if (obj != m.Object || method != m.Method || args != m.Arguments)
            {
                return Expression.Call(obj, method, args);
            }
            return m;
        }

private DynamicMetaObject CallMethodNoResult(string methodName, DynamicMetaObjectBinder binder, Expression[] args, Fallback fallback)
        {
            //
            // First, call fallback to do default binding
            // This produces either an error or a call to a .NET member
            //
            DynamicMetaObject fallbackResult = fallback(null);

            IList<Expression> callArgs = new List<Expression>();
            callArgs.Add(Expression.Convert(Expression, typeof(T)));
            callArgs.Add(Constant(binder));
            callArgs.AddRange(args);

            //
            // Build a new expression like:
            //   if (TryDeleteMember(payload)) { } else { fallbackResult }
            //
            DynamicMetaObject callDynamic = new DynamicMetaObject(
                Expression.Condition(
                    Expression.Call(
                        Expression.Constant(_proxy),
                        typeof(DynamicProxy<T>).GetMethod(methodName),
                        callArgs
                        ),
                    Expression.Empty(),
                    fallbackResult.Expression,
                    typeof(void)
                    ),
                GetRestrictions().Merge(fallbackResult.Restrictions)
                );

            //
            // Now, call fallback again using our new MO as the error
            // When we do this, one of two things can happen:
            //   1. Binding will succeed, and it will ignore our call to
            //      the dynamic method, OR
            //   2. Binding will fail, and it will use the MO we created
            //      above.
            //
            return _dontFallbackFirst ? callDynamic : fallback(callDynamic);
        }

private Func<object, object[], dynamic> BuildInvoker(MethodInfo methodInfo)
        {
            if (methodInfo == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(methodInfo), "MethodInfo cannot be null.");
            var instanceParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object));
            var argsParameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(object[]));

            var argsExpressions = methodInfo.GetParameters().Select((item, index) => Expression.Convert(Expression.ArrayIndex(argsParameter, Expression.Constant(index)), item.ParameterType));

            var instanceObj = methodInfo.IsStatic ? null : Expression.Convert(instanceParameter, methodInfo.DeclaringType ?? throw new InvalidOperationException());
            var methodCaller = Expression.Call(instanceObj, methodInfo, argsExpressions);
            if (methodCaller.Type == typeof(Task))
            {
                var action = Expression.Lambda<Action<object, object[]>>(methodCaller, instanceParameter, argsParameter).Compile();
                return (instance, args) => { action(instance, args); return Task.CompletedTask; };
            }

            var instanceMethodCaller = Expression.Convert(methodCaller, methodInfo.ReturnType);
            return Expression.Lambda<Func<object, object[], object>>(instanceMethodCaller, instanceParameter, argsParameter).Compile();
        }

private static void GenerateDeserializeWithCore(bool isImplGenerICollec, Type itemType, Func<Expression, Expression> ctor)
        {
            /*
               if (reader.TryReadNullWithEnsureArray1BuildInType(BssomType.Int8Code))/TryReadNullWithEnsureArray1NativeType(NativeBssomType.CharCode)/TryReadNullWithEnsureBuildInType(BssomType.Array2)
                    return default;
               context.option.Security.DepthStep(ref reader);
               reader.SkipVariableNumber();
               int len = reader.ReadVariableNumber();
               T t = new T(len);
               Fill<T>(ref t,ref reader,ref context,len);
               context.Depth--;
               return t;  
            */

            bool isArray1Type = Array1FormatterHelper.IsArray1Type(itemType, out bool isNativeType, out byte typeCode, out string typeCodeName);
            Type t = typeof(T);
            List<Expression> ary = new List<Expression>(7);
            LabelTarget returnTarget = Expression.Label(t, "returnLable");

            if (isArray1Type)
            {
                if (isNativeType)
                {
                    //if (reader.ryReadNullWithEnsureArray1NativeType(NativeType))
                    //      goto label;
                    ary.Add(Expression.IfThen(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_Reader_TryReadNullWithEnsureArray1NativeType(typeCode), Expression.Return(returnTarget, Expression.Default(t))));
                }
                else
                {
                    //if (reader.Call_Reader_TryReadNullWithEnsureArray1BuildInType(BuildInType))
                    //      goto label;
                    ary.Add(Expression.IfThen(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_Reader_TryReadNullWithEnsureArray1BuildInType(typeCode), Expression.Return(returnTarget, Expression.Default(t))));
                }
            }
            else
            {
                //if (reader.TryReadNullWithEnsureBuildInType(BssomType.Array2))
                //      goto label;
                ary.Add(Expression.IfThen(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_Reader_TryReadNullWithEnsureBuildInType(BssomType.Array2), Expression.Return(returnTarget, Expression.Default(t))));
            }

            //context.option.Security.DepthStep(ref reader);
            ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_DeserializeContext_Option_Security_DepthStep);

            //reader.SkipVariableNumber();
            ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_Reader_SkipVariableNumber);

            //int len = reader.ReadVariableNumber();
            ParameterExpression len = Expression.Variable(typeof(int));
            ary.Add(Expression.replacedign(len, CommonExpressionMeta.Call_Reader_ReadVariableNumber));

            //T t = ctor(len);
            ParameterExpression instance = Expression.Variable(t);
            ary.Add(Expression.replacedign(instance, ctor(len)));
            MethodInfo method = null;
            if (isImplGenerICollec == false)
            {
                //IColloctionFormatterHelper.Fill_ImplIList<T>(ref t,ref reader,ref context,len)
                method = typeof(Array2FormatterHelper).GetMethod(nameof(Array2FormatterHelper.Fill_ImplIList), BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static).MakeGenericMethod(t);
            }
            else
            {
                if (isArray1Type)
                {
                    //IColloctionFormatterHelper.Fill{TypeCodeName}<T>(ref t,ref reader,ref context,len)
                    method = typeof(Array1FormatterHelper).GetMethod(Array1FormatterHelper.FillPrefix + typeCodeName.ToString().Replace("Code", ""), BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static).MakeGenericMethod(t);
                }
                else
                {
                    //IColloctionFormatterHelper.Fill_ImplICollection<T,TElement>(ref t,ref reader,ref context,len)
                    method = typeof(Array2FormatterHelper).GetMethod(nameof(Array2FormatterHelper.Fill_ImplICollection), BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Static).MakeGenericMethod(new Type[] { t, itemType });
                }
            }

            ary.Add(Expression.Call(null, method, instance, CommonExpressionMeta.Par_Reader, CommonExpressionMeta.Par_DeserializeContext, len));
            //context.Depth--;
            ary.Add(CommonExpressionMeta.Call_DeserializeContext_Depth_Decrementreplacedign);
            //return t;
            ary.Add(Expression.Return(returnTarget, instance));
            //label default(T)
            ary.Add(Expression.Label(returnTarget, instance));

            BlockExpression block = Expression.Block(new ParameterExpression[] { instance, len }, ary);
            Deserialize = Expression.Lambda<Deserialize<T>>(block, CommonExpressionMeta.Par_Reader, CommonExpressionMeta.Par_DeserializeContext).Compile();


        }

private Expression ReduceForEnumerable()
		{
			MethodInfo get_enumerator;
			MethodInfo get_current;

		    ResolveEnumerationMembers(out get_enumerator, out get_current);

			Type enumerator_type = get_enumerator.ReturnType;

			ParameterExpression enumerator = Variable(enumerator_type);

			LabelTarget inner_loop_continue = Label("inner_loop_continue");
			LabelTarget inner_loop_break    = Label("inner_loop_break");

			LabelTarget @continue = ContinueLabel ?? Label("continue");
			LabelTarget @break    = BreakLabel ?? Label("break");

			Expression variable_initializer = Property(enumerator, get_current);

		    if (!Variable.Type.GetTypeInfo().IsreplacedignableFrom(get_current.ReturnType.GetTypeInfo()))
				variable_initializer = Convert(variable_initializer, Variable.Type);

			Expression loop = Block(
				new [] { Variable },
                Goto(@continue),
                Loop(
                    Block(
                        replacedign(Variable, variable_initializer),
                        Body,
                        Label(@continue),
                        Condition(
                            Call(enumerator, Reflection.IEnumerator_MoveNext),
                            Goto(inner_loop_continue),
                            Goto(inner_loop_break)
                        )
                    ),
					inner_loop_break,
					inner_loop_continue
                ),
                Label(@break)
            );

			Expression dispose = CreateDisposeOperation(enumerator_type.GetTypeInfo(), enumerator);

			return Block(
				new [] { enumerator },
                replacedign(enumerator, Call(Enumerable, get_enumerator)),
				dispose != null ? TryFinally(loop, dispose) : loop
            );
		}

protected virtual Expression VisitMethodCall(MethodCallExpression m)
        {
            Expression obj = Visit(m.Object);
            IEnumerable<Expression> args = VisitExpressionList(m.Arguments);
            if (obj != m.Object || args != m.Arguments)
            {
                return Expression.Call(obj, m.Method, args);
            }
            return m;
        }

private static Expression<Func<IDataRecord, TModel>> Map<TModel>(IReadOnlyDictionary<string, string> bindings)
            where TModel : clreplaced, new()
        {
            Type modelType = typeof(TModel);
            IEnumerable<PropertyInfo> properties = modelType.GetProperties(bindings);

            var parameter = Expression.Parameter(typeof(IDataRecord), "ireader");

            var mi = typeof(IDataRecord).GetProperties()
                .FirstOrDefault(p => p.GetIndexParameters().Any(p1 => p1.ParameterType == typeof(string)))
                ?.GetMethod;

            var memberBindings = new List<MemberBinding>();
            foreach (PropertyInfo member in properties)
            {
                string name = member.Name;
                if (!bindings.IsNullOrEmpty())
                {
                    if (bindings.ContainsKey(member.Name))
                        name = bindings[member.Name];
                }

                var indexatorExp = Expression.Call(parameter, mi, Expression.Constant(name, typeof(string)));

                Expression valueExp;
                if (member.PropertyType.IsPrimitive)
                {
                    MethodInfo asTypeMethodInfo = typeof(Check).GetMethods().Single(p => p.Name == $"As{member.PropertyType.Name}");
                    valueExp = Expression.Call(asTypeMethodInfo, indexatorExp);
                }
                else
                {
                    if (Check.Nullable(member.PropertyType))
                    {
                        MethodInfo asTypeMethodInfo = typeof(Check).GetMethods().Single(p => p.Name == $"AsNullable{Check.GetUnderlyingType(member.PropertyType).Name}");
                        valueExp = Expression.Call(asTypeMethodInfo, indexatorExp);
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        MethodInfo dBNullValueMethodInfo = typeof(Check).GetMethods().Single(p => p.Name == nameof(Check.DBNullValue));
                        var nullableExp = Expression.Call(dBNullValueMethodInfo, indexatorExp);
                        valueExp = Expression.Convert(nullableExp, member.PropertyType);
                    }
                }
                memberBindings.Add(Expression.Bind(member, valueExp));
            }

            NewExpression model = Expression.New(modelType);
            MemberInitExpression memberInitExpression = Expression.MemberInit(model, memberBindings);
            return Expression.Lambda<Func<IDataRecord, TModel>>(memberInitExpression, parameter);
        }