Locale.GetText(string, params object[])

internal bool ReadFirstBlock ()
		{
			if (fs == null)
				return false;

			fs.Position = 0;
			// read first block - it will include (100% sure) 
			// the MZ header and (99.9% sure) the PE header
			blockLength = fs.Read (fileblock, 0, fileblock.Length);
			blockNo = 1;
			if (blockLength < 64)
				return false;	// invalid PE file

			// 1. Validate the MZ header informations
			// 1.1. Check for magic MZ at start of header
			if (BitConverterLE.ToUInt16 (fileblock, 0) != 0x5A4D)
				return false;

			// 1.2. Find the offset of the PE header
			peOffset = BitConverterLE.ToInt32 (fileblock, 60);
			if (peOffset > fileblock.Length) {
				// just in case (0.1%) this can actually happen
				string msg = String.Format (Locale.GetText (
					"Header size too big (> {0} bytes)."),
					fileblock.Length);
				throw new NotSupportedException (msg);
			}
			if (peOffset > fs.Length)
				return false;

			// 2. Read between DOS header and first part of PE header
			// 2.1. Check for magic PE at start of header
			//	PE - NT header ('P' 'E' 0x00 0x00)
			if (BitConverterLE.ToUInt32 (fileblock, peOffset) != 0x4550)
				return false;

			// 2.2. Locate IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY (offset and size)
			dirSecurityOffset = BitConverterLE.ToInt32 (fileblock, peOffset + 152);
			dirSecuritySize = BitConverterLE.ToInt32 (fileblock, peOffset + 156);

			// COFF symbol tables are deprecated - we'll strip them if we see them!
			// (otherwise the signature won't work on MS and we don't want to support COFF for that)
			coffSymbolTableOffset = BitConverterLE.ToInt32 (fileblock, peOffset + 12);

			return true;
		}

public override void ImportParameters (DSAParameters parameters) 
		{
			if (m_disposed)
				throw new ObjectDisposedException (Locale.GetText ("Keypair was disposed"));

			// if missing "mandatory" parameters
			if ((parameters.P == null) || (parameters.Q == null) || (parameters.G == null))
				throw new CryptographicException (Locale.GetText ("Missing mandatory DSA parameters (P, Q or G)."));
			// We can calculate Y from X, but both can't be missing
			if ((parameters.X == null) && (parameters.Y == null))
				throw new CryptographicException (Locale.GetText ("Missing both public (Y) and private (X) keys."));

			p = new BigInteger (parameters.P);
			q = new BigInteger (parameters.Q);
			g = new BigInteger (parameters.G);
			// optional parameter - private key
			if (parameters.X != null)
				x = new BigInteger (parameters.X);
			else
				x = null;
			// we can calculate Y from X if required
			if (parameters.Y != null)
				y = new BigInteger (parameters.Y);
			else
				y = g.ModPow (x, p);
			// optional parameter - pre-computation
			if (parameters.J != null) {
				j = new BigInteger (parameters.J);
			} else {
				j = (p - 1) / q;
				j_missing = true;
			}
			// optional - seed and counter must both be present (or absent)
			if (parameters.Seed != null) {
				seed = new BigInteger (parameters.Seed);
				counter = parameters.Counter;
			}
			else
				seed = 0;

			// we now have a keypair
			keypairGenerated = true;
		}

public override byte[] CreateSignature (byte[] rgbHash) 
		{
			if (m_disposed)
				throw new ObjectDisposedException (Locale.GetText ("Keypair was disposed"));

			if (rgbHash == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("rgbHash");
			if (rgbHash.Length != 20)
				throw new CryptographicException ("invalid hash length");

			if (!keypairGenerated)
				Generate ();

			// if required key must be generated before checking for X
			if (x == null)
				throw new CryptographicException ("no private key available for signature");
	
			BigInteger m = new BigInteger (rgbHash);
			// (a) Select a random secret integer k; 0 < k < q.
			BigInteger k = BigInteger.GenerateRandom (160);
			while (k >= q)
				k.Randomize ();
			// (b) Compute r = (g^k mod p) mod q
			BigInteger r = (g.ModPow (k, p)) % q;
			// (c) Compute k -1 mod q (e.g., using Algorithm 2.142).
			// (d) Compute s = k -1 fh(m) +arg mod q.
			BigInteger s = (k.ModInverse (q) * (m + x * r)) % q;
			// (e) A's signature for m is the pair (r; s).
			byte[] signature = new byte [40];
			byte[] part1 = r.GetBytes ();
			byte[] part2 = s.GetBytes ();
			// note: sometime (1/256) we may get less than 20 bytes (if first is 00)
			int start = 20 - part1.Length;
			Array.Copy (part1, 0, signature, start, part1.Length);
			start = 40 - part2.Length;
			Array.Copy (part2, 0, signature, start, part2.Length);
			return signature;
		}

public virtual int TransformBlock (byte[] inputBuffer, int inputOffset, int inputCount, byte[] outputBuffer, int outputOffset) 
		{
			if (m_disposed)
				throw new ObjectDisposedException ("Object is disposed");
			CheckInput (inputBuffer, inputOffset, inputCount);
			// check output parameters
			if (outputBuffer == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("outputBuffer");
			if (outputOffset < 0)
				throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException ("outputOffset", "< 0");

			// ordered to avoid possible integer overflow
			int len = outputBuffer.Length - inputCount - outputOffset;
			if (!encrypt && (0 > len) && ((algo.Padding == PaddingMode.None) || (algo.Padding == PaddingMode.Zeros))) {
				throw new CryptographicException ("outputBuffer", Locale.GetText ("Overflow"));
			} else 	if (KeepLastBlock) {
				if (0 > len + BlockSizeByte) {
#if NET_2_0
					throw new CryptographicException ("outputBuffer", Locale.GetText ("Overflow"));
#else
					throw new IndexOutOfRangeException (Locale.GetText ("Overflow"));
#endif
				}
			} else {
				if (0 > len) {
					// there's a special case if this is the end of the decryption process
					if (inputBuffer.Length - inputOffset - outputBuffer.Length == BlockSizeByte)
						inputCount = outputBuffer.Length - outputOffset;
					else
						throw new CryptographicException ("outputBuffer", Locale.GetText ("Overflow"));
				}
			}
			return InternalTransformBlock (inputBuffer, inputOffset, inputCount, outputBuffer, outputOffset);
		}

static void ThrowInvalidExp()
        {
            throw new FormatException(Locale.GetText("Invalid exponent"));
        }

private static string stripStyles(string s, NumberStyles style, NumberFormatInfo nfi,
            out int decPos, out bool isNegative, out bool expFlag, out int exp, bool throwex)
        {
            isNegative = false;
            expFlag = false;
            exp = 0;
            decPos = -1;

            bool hreplacedign = false;
            bool hasOpeningParentheses = false;
            bool hasDecimalPoint = false;
            bool allowedLeadingWhiteSpace = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowLeadingWhite) != 0);
            bool allowedTrailingWhiteSpace = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowTrailingWhite) != 0);
            bool allowedLeadingSign = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowLeadingSign) != 0);
            bool allowedTrailingSign = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowTrailingSign) != 0);
            bool allowedParentheses = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowParentheses) != 0);
            bool allowedThousands = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowThousands) != 0);
            bool allowedDecimalPoint = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowDecimalPoint) != 0);
            bool allowedExponent = ((style & NumberStyles.AllowExponent) != 0);

            /* get rid of currency symbol */
            bool hasCurrency = false;
            if ((style & NumberStyles.AllowCurrencySymbol) != 0)
            {
                int index = s.IndexOf(nfi.CurrencySymbol);
                if (index >= 0)
                {
                    s = s.Remove(index, nfi.CurrencySymbol.Length);
                    hasCurrency = true;
                }
            }

            string decimalSep = (hasCurrency) ? nfi.CurrencyDecimalSeparator : nfi.NumberDecimalSeparator;
            string groupSep = (hasCurrency) ? nfi.CurrencyGroupSeparator : nfi.NumberGroupSeparator;

            int pos = 0;
            int len = s.Length;

            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(len);

            // leading
            while (pos < len)
            {
                char ch = s[pos];
                if (Char.IsDigit(ch))
                {
                    break; // end of leading
                }
                else if (allowedLeadingWhiteSpace && Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch))
                {
                    pos++;
                }
                else if (allowedParentheses && ch == '(' && !hreplacedign && !hasOpeningParentheses)
                {
                    hasOpeningParentheses = true;
                    hreplacedign = true;
                    isNegative = true;
                    pos++;
                }
                else if (allowedLeadingSign && ch == nfi.NegativeSign[0] && !hreplacedign)
                {
                    int slen = nfi.NegativeSign.Length;
                    if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(nfi.NegativeSign, pos, slen) == pos)
                    {
                        hreplacedign = true;
                        isNegative = true;
                        pos += slen;
                    }
                }
                else if (allowedLeadingSign && ch == nfi.PositiveSign[0] && !hreplacedign)
                {
                    int slen = nfi.PositiveSign.Length;
                    if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(nfi.PositiveSign, pos, slen) == pos)
                    {
                        hreplacedign = true;
                        pos += slen;
                    }
                }
                else if (allowedDecimalPoint && ch == decimalSep[0])
                {
                    int slen = decimalSep.Length;
                    if (slen != 1 && s.IndexOf(decimalSep, pos, slen) != pos)
                    {
                        if (throwex)
                            ThrowAtPos(pos);
                        else
                            return null;
                    }
                    break;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (throwex)
                        ThrowAtPos(pos);
                    else
                        return null;
                }
            }

            if (pos == len)
            {
                if (throwex)
                    throw new FormatException(Locale.GetText("No digits found"));
                else
                    return null;
            }

            // digits 
            while (pos < len)
            {
                char ch = s[pos];
                if (Char.IsDigit(ch))
                {
                    sb.Append(ch);
                    pos++;
                }
                else if (allowedThousands && ch == groupSep[0])
                {
                    int slen = groupSep.Length;
                    if (slen != 1 && s.IndexOf(groupSep, pos, slen) != pos)
                    {
                        if (throwex)
                            ThrowAtPos(pos);
                        else
                            return null;
                    }
                    pos += slen;
                }
                else if (allowedDecimalPoint && ch == decimalSep[0] && !hasDecimalPoint)
                {
                    int slen = decimalSep.Length;
                    if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(decimalSep, pos, slen) == pos)
                    {
                        decPos = sb.Length;
                        hasDecimalPoint = true;
                        pos += slen;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    break;
                }
            }

            // exponent
            if (pos < len)
            {
                char ch = s[pos];
                if (allowedExponent && Char.ToUpperInvariant(ch) == 'E')
                {
                    expFlag = true;
                    pos++;
                    if (pos >= len)
                    {
                        if (throwex)
                            ThrowInvalidExp();
                        else
                            return null;
                    }
                    ch = s[pos];
                    bool isNegativeExp = false;
                    if (ch == nfi.PositiveSign[0])
                    {
                        int slen = nfi.PositiveSign.Length;
                        if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(nfi.PositiveSign, pos, slen) == pos)
                        {
                            pos += slen;
                            if (pos >= len)
                            {
                                if (throwex)
                                    ThrowInvalidExp();
                                else
                                    return null;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    else if (ch == nfi.NegativeSign[0])
                    {
                        int slen = nfi.NegativeSign.Length;
                        if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(nfi.NegativeSign, pos, slen) == pos)
                        {
                            pos += slen;
                            if (pos >= len)
                            {
                                if (throwex)
                                    ThrowInvalidExp();
                                else
                                    return null;
                            }
                            isNegativeExp = true;
                        }
                    }
                    ch = s[pos];
                    if (!Char.IsDigit(ch))
                    {
                        if (throwex)
                            ThrowInvalidExp();
                        else
                            return null;
                    }

                    exp = ch - '0';
                    pos++;
                    while (pos < len && Char.IsDigit(s[pos]))
                    {
                        exp *= 10;
                        exp += s[pos] - '0';
                        pos++;
                    }
                    if (isNegativeExp) exp *= -1;
                }
            }

            // trailing
            while (pos < len)
            {
                char ch = s[pos];
                if (allowedTrailingWhiteSpace && Char.IsWhiteSpace(ch))
                {
                    pos++;
                }
                else if (allowedParentheses && ch == ')' && hasOpeningParentheses)
                {
                    hasOpeningParentheses = false;
                    pos++;
                }
                else if (allowedTrailingSign && ch == nfi.NegativeSign[0] && !hreplacedign)
                {
                    int slen = nfi.NegativeSign.Length;
                    if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(nfi.NegativeSign, pos, slen) == pos)
                    {
                        hreplacedign = true;
                        isNegative = true;
                        pos += slen;
                    }
                }
                else if (allowedTrailingSign && ch == nfi.PositiveSign[0] && !hreplacedign)
                {
                    int slen = nfi.PositiveSign.Length;
                    if (slen == 1 || s.IndexOf(nfi.PositiveSign, pos, slen) == pos)
                    {
                        hreplacedign = true;
                        pos += slen;
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    if (throwex)
                        ThrowAtPos(pos);
                    else
                        return null;
                }
            }

            if (hasOpeningParentheses)
            {
                if (throwex)
                    throw new FormatException(Locale.GetText("Closing Parentheses not found"));
                else
                    return null;
            }

            if (!hasDecimalPoint)
                decPos = sb.Length;

            return sb.ToString();
        }

public override string ToString()
        {
            StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(GetType().FullName);
            result.Append(": ").Append(Message);

            if (inner_exception != null)
            {
                result.Append(" ---> ").Append(inner_exception.ToString());
                result.Append(Locale.GetText("--- End of inner exception stack trace ---"));
                result.AppendLine();
            }

            if (StackTrace != null)
                result.AppendLine().Append(StackTrace);
            return result.ToString();
        }

private string FormatCurrency (Format formatData, double value,
				NumberFormatInfo nfi, int precision) {
				
			precision = (precision >= 0) ? precision : nfi.CurrencyDecimalDigits;
			string numb = FormatNumberInternal (formatData, value, nfi, precision);
			if (value < 0) {
				switch (nfi.CurrencyNegativePattern) {
				case 0:
					return "(" + nfi.CurrencySymbol + numb + ")";
				case 1:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + nfi.CurrencySymbol + numb;
				case 2:
					return nfi.CurrencySymbol + nfi.NegativeSign + numb;
				case 3:
					return nfi.CurrencySymbol + numb + nfi.NegativeSign;
				case 4:
					return "(" + numb + nfi.CurrencySymbol + ")";
				case 5:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + numb + nfi.CurrencySymbol;
				case 6:
					return numb + nfi.NegativeSign + nfi.CurrencySymbol;
				case 7:
					return numb + nfi.CurrencySymbol + nfi.NegativeSign;
				case 8:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + numb + " " + nfi.CurrencySymbol;
				case 9:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + nfi.CurrencySymbol + " " + numb;
				case 10:
					return numb + " " + nfi.CurrencySymbol + nfi.NegativeSign;
				case 11:
					return nfi.CurrencySymbol + " " + numb + nfi.NegativeSign;
				case 12:
					return nfi.CurrencySymbol + " " + nfi.NegativeSign + numb;
				case 13:
					return numb + nfi.NegativeSign + " " + nfi.CurrencySymbol;
				case 14:
					return "(" + nfi.CurrencySymbol + " " + numb + ")";
				case 15:
					return "(" + numb + " " + nfi.CurrencySymbol + ")";
				default:
					throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText(
						"Invalid CurrencyNegativePattern"));
				}
			}
			else {
				switch (nfi.CurrencyPositivePattern) {
				case 0:
					return nfi.CurrencySymbol + numb ;
				case 1:
					return numb + nfi.CurrencySymbol;
				case 2:
					return nfi.CurrencySymbol + " " + numb;
				case 3:
					return numb + " " + nfi.CurrencySymbol;
				default:
					throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText(
						"invalid CurrencyPositivePattern"));
				}
			}
		}

private string FormatNumber (Format formatData, double value, NumberFormatInfo nfi, int precision) {
		
			precision = (precision >= 0) ? precision : nfi.NumberDecimalDigits;
			string numb = FormatNumberInternal (formatData, value, nfi, precision);
			if (value < 0) {
				switch (nfi.NumberNegativePattern) {
				case 0:
					return "(" + numb + ")";
				case 1:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + numb;
				case 2:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + " " + numb;
				case 3:
					return numb + nfi.NegativeSign;
				case 4:
					return numb + " " + nfi.NegativeSign;
				default:
					throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText(
						"Invalid NumberNegativePattern"));
				}
			}
			return numb;
		}

private string FormatPercent (Format formatData, double value, NumberFormatInfo nfi,
				int precision) {

			precision = (precision >= 0) ? precision : nfi.PercentDecimalDigits;
			string numb = FormatNumberInternal (formatData, value*100, nfi, precision);
			if (value < 0) {
				switch (nfi.PercentNegativePattern) {
				case 0:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + numb + " " + nfi.PercentSymbol;
				case 1:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + numb + nfi.PercentSymbol;
				case 2:
					return nfi.NegativeSign + nfi.PercentSymbol + numb;
				default:
					throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText(
						"Invalid PercentNegativePattern"));
				}
			}
			else {
				switch (nfi.PercentPositivePattern) {
				case 0:
					return numb + " " + nfi.PercentSymbol;
				case 1:
					return numb + nfi.PercentSymbol;
				case 2:
					return nfi.PercentSymbol + numb;
				default:
					throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText(
						"invalid PercehtPositivePattern"));
				}
			}
		}

protected override sealed Delegate CombineImpl(Delegate follow)
        {
            MulticastDelegate combined, orig, clone;

            if (GetType() != follow.GetType())
                throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Incompatible Delegate Types."));

            combined = (MulticastDelegate)follow.Clone();
            //combined.SetMulticastInvoke();

            for (clone = combined, orig = ((MulticastDelegate)follow).m_prev; orig != null; orig = orig.m_prev)
            {
                clone.m_prev = (MulticastDelegate)orig.Clone();
                clone = clone.m_prev;
            }

            clone.m_prev = (MulticastDelegate)Clone();

            for (clone = clone.m_prev, orig = m_prev; orig != null; orig = orig.m_prev)
            {
                clone.m_prev = (MulticastDelegate)orig.Clone();
                clone = clone.m_prev;
            }

            return combined;
        }

internal 
#endif
        override DaylightTime GetDaylightChanges(int year)
        {
            if (year < 1 || year > 9999)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("year", year +
                    Locale.GetText(" is not in a range between 1 and 9999."));

            DaylightTime dlt = new DaylightTime(DateTime.MinValue, DateTime.MinValue, TimeSpan.Zero);
            return dlt;
        }

public override bool Equals (object o)
		{
			throw new NotSupportedException (Locale.GetText ("This operation is not supported for this type."));
		}

[MonoTODO]
		[CLSCompliant (false)]
		public static TypedReference MakeTypedReference (object target, FieldInfo[] flds) 
		{
			if (target == null) {
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("target");
			}
			if (flds == null) {
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("flds");
			}
			if (flds.Length == 0) {
				throw new ArgumentException (Locale.GetText ("flds has no elements"));
			}
			throw new NotImplementedException ();
		}

public int CompareTo(object value)
        {
            if (value == null)
                return 1;

            if (!(value is UInt16))
                throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Value is not a System.UInt16."));

            return m_value - ((ushort)value);
        }

[CLSCompliant(false)]
        public static ushort Parse(string s, NumberStyles style, IFormatProvider provider)
        {
            uint tmpResult = UInt32.Parse(s, style, provider);
            if (tmpResult > MaxValue)
                throw new OverflowException(Locale.GetText("Value too large."));

            return (ushort)tmpResult;
        }

public int CompareTo(object value)
        {
            if (value == null)
                return 1;

            if (!(value is UInt32))
                throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Value is not a System.UInt32."));

            uint v = (uint)value;
            if (m_value == v)
                return 0;

            if (m_value < v)
                return -1;

            return 1;
        }

internal static bool Parse(string s, bool tryParse, out uint result, out Exception exc)
        {
            uint val = 0;
            int len;
            int i;
            bool digits_seen = false;
            bool has_negative_sign = false;

            result = 0;
            exc = null;

            if (s == null)
            {
                if (!tryParse)
                    exc = new ArgumentNullException("s");
                return false;
            }

            len = s.Length;

            char c;
            for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
            {
                c = s[i];
                if (!Char.IsWhiteSpace(c))
                    break;
            }

            if (i == len)
            {
                if (!tryParse)
                    exc = IntParser.GetFormatException();
                return false;
            }

            if (s[i] == '+')
                i++;
            else
                if (s[i] == '-')
                {
                    i++;
                    has_negative_sign = true;
                }

            for (; i < len; i++)
            {
                c = s[i];

                if (c >= '0' && c <= '9')
                {
                    uint d = (uint)(c - '0');

                    ulong v = ((ulong)val) * 10 + d;
                    if (v > MaxValue)
                    {
                        if (!tryParse)
                            exc = IntParser.GetOverflowException();
                        return false;
                    }
                    val = (uint)v;
                    digits_seen = true;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (Char.IsWhiteSpace(c))
                    {
                        for (i++; i < len; i++)
                        {
                            if (!Char.IsWhiteSpace(s[i]))
                            {
                                if (!tryParse)
                                    exc = IntParser.GetFormatException();
                                return false;
                            }
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        if (!tryParse)
                            exc = IntParser.GetFormatException();
                        return false;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (!digits_seen)
            {
                if (!tryParse)
                    exc = IntParser.GetFormatException();
                return false;
            }

            // -0 is legal but other negative values are not
            if (has_negative_sign && (val > 0))
            {
                if (!tryParse)
                    exc = new OverflowException(
                        Locale.GetText("Negative number"));
                return false;
            }

            result = val;
            return true;
        }

public int Compare (object a, object b)
		{
			if (a == b)
				return 0;
			else if (a == null)
				return -1;
			else if (b == null)
				return 1;

			if (m_compareInfo != null) {
				string sa = a as string;
				string sb = b as string;
				if (sa != null && sb != null)
					return m_compareInfo.Compare (sa, sb);
			}

			if (a is IComparable)
				return (a as IComparable).CompareTo (b);
			else if (b is IComparable)
				return -(b as IComparable).CompareTo (a);

			throw new ArgumentException (Locale.GetText ("Neither 'a' nor 'b' implements IComparable."));
		}

public static SortedList Synchronized (SortedList list)
		{
			if (list == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException (Locale.GetText ("Base list is null."));

			return new SynchedSortedList (list);
		}

private void PutImpl (object key, object value, bool overwrite)
		{
			if (key == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("null key");

			Slot [] table = this.table;

			int freeIndx = -1;

			try {
				freeIndx = Find (key);
			} catch (Exception) {
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}

			if (freeIndx >= 0) {
				if (!overwrite) {
					string msg = Locale.GetText ("Key '{0}' already exists in list.", key);
					throw new ArgumentException (msg);
				}

				table [freeIndx].value = value;
				++modificationCount;
				return;
			}

			freeIndx = ~freeIndx;

			if (freeIndx > Capacity + 1)
				throw new Exception ("SortedList::internal error ("+key+", "+value+") at ["+freeIndx+"]");


			EnsureCapacity (Count+1, freeIndx);

			table = this.table;
			table [freeIndx].key = key;
			table [freeIndx].value = value;

			++inUse;
			++modificationCount;

		}

public override string ToString ()
		{
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();

			if (methodBase == null) {
				sb.Append (Locale.GetText ("<unknown method>"));
			} else {
				sb.Append (methodBase.Name);
			}

			sb.Append (Locale.GetText (" at "));

			if (ilOffset == OFFSET_UNKNOWN) {
				sb.Append (Locale.GetText ("<unknown offset>"));
			} else {
				sb.Append (Locale.GetText ("offset "));
				sb.Append (ilOffset);
			}

			sb.Append (Locale.GetText (" in file:line:column "));

			if (fileName == null) {
				sb.Append (Locale.GetText ("<filename unknown>"));
			} else {
				try {
					sb.Append (GetFileName ());
				}
				catch (SecurityException) {
					sb.Append (Locale.GetText ("<filename unknown>"));
				}
			}

			sb.AppendFormat (":{0}:{1}", lineNumber, columnNumber);
			return sb.ToString ();
		}

public override string ToString ()
		{
			string newline = String.Format ("{0}   {1} ", Environment.NewLine, Locale.GetText ("at"));
			string unknown = Locale.GetText ("<unknown method>");
			string debuginfo = Locale.GetText (" in {0}:line {1}");
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
			for (int i = 0; i < FrameCount; i++) {
				StackFrame frame = GetFrame (i);
				if (i > 0)
					sb.Append (newline);
				else
					sb.AppendFormat ("   {0} ", Locale.GetText ("at"));
				MethodBase method = frame.GetMethod ();
				if (method != null) {
					// Method information available
					sb.AppendFormat ("{0}.{1}", method.DeclaringType.FullName, method.Name);
					/* Append parameter information */
					sb.Append ("(");
					ParameterInfo[] p = method.GetParameters ();
					for (int j = 0; j < p.Length; ++j) {
						if (j > 0)
							sb.Append (", ");
						Type pt = p[j].ParameterType;
						bool byref = pt.IsByRef;
						if (byref)
							pt = pt.GetElementType ();
						if (pt.IsClreplaced && pt.Namespace != String.Empty) {
							sb.Append (pt.Namespace);
							sb.Append (".");
						}
						sb.Append (pt.Name);
						if (byref)
							sb.Append (" ByRef");
						sb.AppendFormat (" {0}", p [j].Name);
					}
					sb.Append (")");
				}
				else {
					// Method information not available
					sb.Append (unknown);
				}

				if (debug_info) {
					// we were asked for debugging informations
					try {
						// but that doesn't mean we have the debug information available
						string fname = frame.GetFileName ();
						if ((fname != null) && (fname.Length > 0))
							sb.AppendFormat (debuginfo, fname, frame.GetFileLineNumber ());
					}
					catch (SecurityException) {
						// don't leak information (about the filename) if the security 
						// manager doesn't allow it (but don't loop on this exception)
						debug_info = false;
					}
				}
			}
			return sb.ToString ();
		}

static private X520.AttributeTypeAndValue ReadAttribute (string value, ref int pos)
		{
			while ((value[pos] == ' ') && (pos < value.Length))
				pos++;

			// get '=' position in substring
			int equal = value.IndexOf ('=', pos);
			if (equal == -1) {
				string msg = Locale.GetText ("No attribute found.");
				throw new FormatException (msg);
			}

			string s = value.Substring (pos, equal - pos);
			X520.AttributeTypeAndValue atv = GetAttributeFromOid (s);
			if (atv == null) {
				string msg = Locale.GetText ("Unknown attribute '{0}'.");
				throw new FormatException (String.Format (msg, s));
			}
			pos = equal + 1; // skip the '='
			return atv;
		}

static private int ReadEscaped (StringBuilder sb, string value, int pos)
		{
			switch (value[pos]) {
			case '\\':
			case '"':
			case '=':
			case ';':
			case '<':
			case '>':
			case '+':
			case '#':
			case ',':
				sb.Append (value[pos]);
				return pos;
			default:
				if (pos >= value.Length - 2) {
					string msg = Locale.GetText ("Malformed escaped value '{0}'.");
					throw new FormatException (string.Format (msg, value.Substring (pos)));
				}
				// it's either a 8 bits or 16 bits char
				sb.Append (ReadHex (value, ref pos));
				return pos;
			}
		}

static private int ReadQuoted (StringBuilder sb, string value, int pos)
		{
			int original = pos;
			while (pos <= value.Length) {
				switch (value[pos]) {
				case '"':
					return pos;
				case '\\':
					return ReadEscaped (sb, value, pos);
				default:
					sb.Append (value[pos]);
					pos++;
					break;
				}
			}
			string msg = Locale.GetText ("Malformed quoted value '{0}'.");
			throw new FormatException (string.Format (msg, value.Substring (original)));
		}

static private string ReadValue (string value, ref int pos)
		{
			int original = pos;
			StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder ();
			while (pos < value.Length) {
				switch (value [pos]) {
				case '\\':
					pos = ReadEscaped (sb, value, ++pos);
					break;
				case '"':
					pos = ReadQuoted (sb, value, ++pos);
					break;
				case '=':
				case ';':
				case '<':
				case '>':
					string msg = Locale.GetText ("Malformed value '{0}' contains '{1}' outside quotes.");
					throw new FormatException (string.Format (msg, value.Substring (original), value[pos]));
				case '+':
				case '#':
					throw new NotImplementedException ();
				case ',':
					pos++;
					return sb.ToString ();
				default:
					sb.Append (value[pos]);
					break;
				}
				pos++;
			}
			return sb.ToString ();
		}

internal static object CreateInstance(Type type, bool nonPublic)
        {
            CheckType(type);
#if NET_2_0
			if (type.ContainsGenericParameters)
				throw new ArgumentException (type + " is an open generic type", "type");
#endif
            CheckAbstractType(type);

#if AVM
            return type.CreateInstance();
#else

			BindingFlags flags = BindingFlags.Public | BindingFlags.Instance;
			if (nonPublic)
				flags |= BindingFlags.NonPublic;

			ConstructorInfo ctor = type.GetConstructor (flags, null, CallingConventions.Any, Type.EmptyTypes, null);

			if (ctor == null) {
				if (type.IsValueType)
					return CreateInstanceInternal (type);

				throw new MissingMethodException (Locale.GetText ("Default constructor not found."),
								".ctor() of " + type.FullName);
			}

			return ctor.Invoke (null);
#endif
        }

private static void CheckType(Type type)
        {
            if (type == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("type");

            if (
#if NOT_PFX
                (type == typeof(TypedReference)) ||
                (type == typeof (ArgIterator)) ||
#endif
                (type == typeof(void))
                || (type == typeof(RuntimeArgumentHandle)))
            {
                string msg = Locale.GetText("CreateInstance cannot be used to create this type ({0}).", type.FullName);
                throw new NotSupportedException(msg);
            }
        }

private static void CheckAbstractType(Type type)
        {
            if (type.IsAbstract)
            {
                string msg = Locale.GetText("Cannot create an abstract clreplaced '{0}'.", type.FullName);
//#if NET_2_0
//                throw new MissingMethodException (msg);
//#else
                throw new MemberAccessException(msg);
//#endif
            }
        }

public override bool Equals (object o)
		{
			throw new NotSupportedException (Locale.GetText ("ArgIterator does not support Equals."));
		}

[CLSCompliant (false)]
		public TypedReference GetNextArg ()
		{
			if (num_args == next_arg)
				throw new InvalidOperationException (Locale.GetText ("Invalid iterator position."));
			return IntGetNextArg ();
		}

[CLSCompliant (false)]
		public TypedReference GetNextArg (RuntimeTypeHandle rth)
		{
			if (num_args == next_arg)
				throw new InvalidOperationException (Locale.GetText ("Invalid iterator position."));
			return IntGetNextArg (rth.Value);
		}

public RuntimeTypeHandle GetNextArgType ()
		{
			if (num_args == next_arg)
				throw new InvalidOperationException (Locale.GetText ("Invalid iterator position."));
			return new RuntimeTypeHandle (IntGetNextArgType ());
		}

private static void CheckParameters (object element, Type attributeType)
		{
			// neither parameter is allowed to be null
			if (element == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("element");

			if (attributeType == null)
				throw new ArgumentNullException ("attributeType");

			if (!typeof (Attribute).IsreplacedignableFrom (attributeType))
				throw new ArgumentException (Locale.GetText (
					"Type is not derived from System.Attribute."), "attributeType");
		}

private static Attribute FindAttribute (object[] attributes)
		{
			// if there exists more than one attribute of the given type, throw an exception
			if (attributes.Length > 1) {
				throw new AmbiguousMatchException (Locale.GetText (
					"<element> has more than one attribute of type <attribute_type>"));
			}

			if (attributes.Length < 1)
				return null;

			// tested above for '> 1' and and '< 1', so only '== 1' is left,
			// i.e. we found the attribute
			return (Attribute) attributes[0];
		}

public static bool IsDefined (MemberInfo element, Type attributeType, bool inherit)
		{
			CheckParameters (element, attributeType);

			MemberTypes mtype = element.MemberType;
			if (mtype != MemberTypes.Constructor && mtype != MemberTypes.Event &&
				mtype != MemberTypes.Field       && mtype != MemberTypes.Method &&
				mtype != MemberTypes.Property    && mtype != MemberTypes.TypeInfo &&
				mtype != MemberTypes.NestedType)
				throw new NotSupportedException (Locale.GetText (
					"Element is not a constructor, method, property, event, type or field."));

			return ((MemberInfo) element).IsDefined (attributeType, inherit);
		}

public int CompareTo(object obj)
		{
		    if (obj == null)
		        return 1;

		    if (!(obj is System.Boolean))
		        throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Object is not a Boolean."));

		    if (m_value == (bool)obj)
                return 0;
		    return m_value ? 1 : -1;
		}

public static bool Parse(string value)
		{
		    if (value == null)
		        throw new ArgumentNullException("value");

		    value = value.Trim();

		    if (String.Compare(value, TrueString, true, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) == 0)
		        return true;

            if (String.Compare(value, FalseString, true, CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) == 0)
		        return false;

		    throw new FormatException(Locale.GetText("Value is not equivalent to either TrueString or FalseString."));
		}

public static int ByteLength(Array array)
        {
            // note: the other methods in this clreplaced also use ByteLength to test for
            // null and non-primitive arguments as a side-effect.

            if (array == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("array");

            int length = ByteLengthInternal(array);
            if (length < 0)
                throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Object must be an array of primitives."));

            return length;
        }

public static byte GetByte(Array array, int index)
        {
            if (index < 0 || index >= ByteLength(array))
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", Locale.GetText(
                    "Value must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection."));

            return GetByteInternal(array, index);
        }

public static void SetByte(Array array, int index, byte value)
        {
            if (index < 0 || index >= ByteLength(array))
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("index", Locale.GetText(
                    "Value must be non-negative and less than the size of the collection."));

            SetByteInternal(array, index, value);
        }

public static void BlockCopy(Array src, int srcOffset, Array dest, int destOffset, int count)
        {
            if (src == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("src");

            if (dest == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("dest");

            if (srcOffset < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("srcOffset", Locale.GetText(
                    "Non-negative number required."));

            if (destOffset < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("destOffset", Locale.GetText(
                    "Non-negative number required."));

            if (count < 0)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException("count", Locale.GetText(
                    "Non-negative number required."));

            // We do the checks in unmanaged code for performance reasons
            bool res = BlockCopyInternal(src, srcOffset, dest, destOffset, count);
            if (!res)
            {
                // watch for integer overflow
                if ((srcOffset > ByteLength(src) - count) || (destOffset > ByteLength(dest) - count))
                    throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText(
                        "Offset and length were out of bounds for the array or count is greater than" +
                        "the number of elements from index to the end of the source collection."));
            }
        }

public int CompareTo(object value)
        {
            if (value == null)
                return 1;

            if (!(value is Byte))
                throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Value is not a System.Byte."));

            byte xv = (byte)value;

            if (m_value == xv)
                return 0;
            if (m_value > xv)
                return 1;
            return -1;
        }

public static byte Parse(string s, NumberStyles style, IFormatProvider provider)
        {
            uint tmpResult = UInt32.Parse(s, style, provider);
            if (tmpResult > Byte.MaxValue)
                throw new OverflowException(Locale.GetText("Value too large."));

            return (byte)tmpResult;
        }

public int CompareTo(object v)
        {
            if (v == null)
                return 1;

            if (!(v is Char))
                throw new ArgumentException(Locale.GetText("Value is not a System.Char"));

            char xv = (char)v;
            if (m_value == xv)
                return 0;

            if (m_value > xv)
                return 1;
            else
                return -1;
        }

public static double GetNumericValue(string str, int index)
        {
            if (str == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("str");

            if (index < 0 || index >= str.Length)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(Locale.GetText(
                    "The value of index is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the length of str."));

            return GetNumericValue(str[index]);
        }

public static UnicodeCategory GetUnicodeCategory(string str, int index)
        {
            if (str == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("str");

            if (index < 0 || index >= str.Length)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(Locale.GetText(
                    "The value of index is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the length of str."));

            return GetUnicodeCategory(str[index]);
        }

public static bool IsControl(string str, int index)
        {
            if (str == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("str");

            if (index < 0 || index >= str.Length)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(Locale.GetText(
                    "The value of index is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the length of str."));

            return IsControl(str[index]);
        }

public static bool IsDigit(string str, int index)
        {
            if (str == null)
                throw new ArgumentNullException("str");

            if (index < 0 || index >= str.Length)
                throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(Locale.GetText(
                    "The value of index is less than zero, or greater than or equal to the length of str."));

            return IsDigit(str[index]);
        }

See More Examples